Njiwa

Njiwa ni ndege wakubwa kiasi wa jenasi Columba na Patagioenas katika familia Columbidae. Spishi nyingine huitwa kunda pia.

Njiwa
Kunda madoa
Uainishaji wa kisayansi
Himaya: Animalia (Wanyama) Faila: Chordata (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni) Nusufaila: Vertebrata (Wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo) Ngeli: Aves (Ndege) Oda: Columbiformes (Ndege kama njiwa) Familia: Columbidae (Ndege walio na mnasaba na njiwa) Leach, 1820 Nusufamilia: Columbinae (Ndege walio mnasaba na njiwa) Leach, 1820
Ngazi za chini
Jenasi 2; spishi 53, 20 katika Afrika: Columba Linnaeus, 1758 C. albinucha Sassi, 1911 C. albitorques Rüppell, 1837 C. arquatrix Temminck, 1808 C. bollii Godman, 1872 C. delegorguei Delegorgue, 1847 C. guinea Linnaeus, 1758 C. iriditorques Cassin, 1856 C. junoniae Hartert, 1916 C. larvata Temminck, 1809 C. livia Gmelin, 1789 C. malherbii J.Verreaux & E.Verreaux, 1851 C. oenas Linnaeus, 1758 C. oliviae Clarke, 1918 C. palumbus Linnaeus, 1758 C. pollenii Schlegel, 1865 C. simplex (Hartlaub, 1849) C. sjostedti Reichenow, 1901 C. thomensis Bocage, 1888 C. trocaz Heineken, 1829 C. unicincta Cassin, 1859 Patagioenas Reichenbach, 1852

Wana rangi ya kijivu na nyeupe na pengine kuna rangi ing'aayo ya buluu au zambarau.

Wanatokea mazingira yote yenye miti. Njiwa hula mbegu, matunda na mimea. Hujenga tago lao la vijiti kwa miti au miwamba. Jike hutaga mayai mawili kwa kawaida na makinda wapewa dutu inayofanana na maziwa. Dutu hii inatungwa katika gole la ndege.

Spishi za Afrika

• Columba albinucha, Njiwa Kisogo-cheupe (White-naped Pigeon)
• Columba albitorques, Njiwa Ukosi-mweupe (White-collared Pigeon)
• Columba arquatrix, Njiwa Macho-njano (African Olive Pigeon)
• Columba bollii, Njiwa wa Bolle (Bolle's Pigeon)
• Columba delegorguei, Njiwa Kisogo-shaba Mashariki (Eastern Bronze-naped Pigeon)
• Columba guinea, Njiwa au Kunda Madoa (Speckled Pigeon)
• Columba iriditorques, Njiwa Kisogo-shaba Magharibi (Western Bronze-naped Pigeon)
• Columba junoniae, Njiwa wa Kanari (Laurel Pigeon)
• Columba larvata, Kipura (Lemon Dove) – pengine inaainishwa katika Aplopelia
• Columba livia, Njiwa-miamba (Rock Dove)
  • Columba l. domestica, Njiwa-mijini (Domestic Pigeon)
  • Columba l. livia, Njiwa-miamba (Rock Dove)
• Columba malherbii, Njiwa Kisogo-shaba wa Sao Tome (Island Bronze-naped Pigeon)
• Columba oenas, Njiwa Ukosi-kijani (Stock Dove)
• Columba oliviae, Njiwa Somali (Somali Pigeon)
• Columba palumbus, Njiwa au Kunda wa Ulaya (Common Wood Pigeon)
  • Columba palumbus azorica, Njiwa au Kunda wa Azori (Azores Wood Pigeon)
  • Columba palumbus excelsa, Njiwa au Kunda Kaskazi (North African Wood Pigeon)
  • Columba palumbus maderensis, Njiwa au Kunda wa Madeira (Madeiran Wood Pigeon) - imekwisha sasa (mwanzo wa karne ya 20)
• Columba pollenii, Njiwa wa Komori (Comoro Olive Pigeon)
• Columba simplex, Kipura wa Sao Tome (São Tomé Lemon-dove) – pengine inaainishwa katika Aplopelia
• Columba sjostedti, Njiwa wa Kameruni (Cameroon Olive Pigeon)
• Columba thomensis, Njiwa wa Sao Tome (São Tomé Olive Pigeon)
• Columba trocaz, Njiwa wa Trocaz (Trocaz Pigeon)
• Columba unicincta, Njiwa au Kunda Mwekundu (Afep Pigeon)

Spishi za mabara mengine

• Columba argentina (Silvery Pigeon) - labda imekwisha sasa (kati au mwisho wa karne ya 20?)
• Columba elphinstonii (Nilgiri Wood Pigeon)
• Columba eversmanni (Yellow-eyed au Pale-backed Pigeon)
• Columba hodgsonii (Speckled Wood Pigeon)
• Columba janthina (Japanese Wood Pigeon)
  • Columba janthina nitens (Ogasawara Wood Pigeon) - imekwisha sasa (miaka ya 1980)
• Columba jouyi (Ryukyu Wood Pigeon) - imekwisha sasa (miaka ya 1930)
• Columba leucomela (White-headed Pigeon)
• Columba leuconota (Snow Pigeon)
• Columba pallidiceps (Yellow-legged Pigeon)
• Columba palumboides (Andaman Wood Pigeon)
• Columba pulchricollis (Ashy Wood Pigeon)
• Columba punicea (Pale-capped Pigeon)
• Columba rupestris (Hill Pigeon)
• Columba torringtoniae (Sri Lanka Wood Pigeon)
• Columba versicolor (Bonin Wood Pigeon) - imekwisha sasa (mnamo mwaka 1890)
• Columba vitiensis (Metallic Pigeon or White-throated Pigeon)
  • Columba vitiensis godmanae (Lord Howe Metallic Pigeon) - imekwisha sasa (1853)
  • Columba vitiensis ssp. (Tongan Metallic Pigeon) - imekwisha sasa (mwisho wa karne ya 18); uthabiti wa spishi ndogo si hakika
• Patagioenas araucana (Chilean Pigeon)
• Patagioenas caribaea (Ring-tailed Pigeon)
• Patagioenas cayennensis (Pale-vented Pigeon)
• Patagioenas corensis (Bare-eyed Pigeon)
• Patagioenas fasciata (Band-tailed Pigeon)
• Patagioenas flavirostris (Red-billed Pigeon)
• Patagioenas goodsoni (Dusky Pigeon)
• Patagioenas inornata (Plain Pigeon)
• Patagioenas leucocephala (White-crowned Pigeon)
• Patagioenas maculosa (Spot-winged Pigeon)
• Patagioenas nigrirostris (Short-billed Pigeon)
• Patagioenas oenops (Maranon Pigeon)
• Patagioenas picazuro (Picazuro Pigeon)
• Patagioenas plumbea (Plumbeous Pigeon)
• Patagioenas speciosa (Scaled Pigeon)
• Patagioenas squamosa (Scaly-naped Pigeon)
• Patagioenas subvinacea (Ruddy Pigeon)

Picha

• 
  Njiwa ukosi-mweupe
• 
  Njiwa macho-njano
• 
  Njiwa wa Bolle
• 
  Njiwa kisogo-shaba mashariki
• 
  Njiwa wa Kanari
• 
  Kipura
• 
  Njiwa-miamba
• 
  Njiwa-mijini
• 
  Njiwa kisoga shaba wa Sao Tome
• 
  Njiwa ukosi-kijani
• 
  Kunda wa Ulaya
• 
  Kunda wa Azori
• 
  Kipura wa Sao Tome
• 
  Njiwa wa Trocaz
• 
  Kunda mwekundu

• 
  Nilgiri wood-pigeon
• 
  Yellow-eyed pigeon
• 
  Speckled wood pigeon
• 
  Japanese wood pigeon
• 
  White-headed pigeon
• 
  Snow pigeon
• Andaman wood pigeon
  Andaman wood pigeon
• 
  Ashy wood pigeon
• 
  Pale-capped pigeon
• 
  Hill pigeon
• 
  Sri Lanka wood pigeon
• 
  Metallic pigeon
• 
  Chilean pigeon
• 
  Ring-tailed pigeon
• 
  Pale-vented pigeon
• 
  Bare-eyed pigeon
• 
  Band-tailed pigeon
• 
  Red-billed pigeon
• 
  Dusky pigeon
• 
  Plain pigeon
• 
  White-crowned pigeon
• 
  Spot-winged pigeon
• 
  Short-billed pigeon
• 
  Maranon pigeon
• 
  Picazuro pigeon
• 
  Plumbeous pigeon
• 
  Scaled pigeon
• 
  Scaly-naped pigeon
• 
  Ruddy pigeon

Makala hii kuhusu mnyama fulani bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Njiwa kama uainishaji wake wa kibiolojia, maisha au uenezi wake? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.