Vipiri au vifutu ni spishi za nyoka wenye sumu katika familia Viperidae. Spishi nyingine huitwa bafe au moma pia.
Maelezo zaidi Uainishaji wa kisayansi, Ngazi za chini ...
Kipiri |
![Thumb](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Causus_rhombeatus00.jpg/250px-Causus_rhombeatus00.jpg)
Kipiri usiku Causus rhombeatus |
Uainishaji wa kisayansi |
Himaya: |
Animalia (Wanyama)
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Faila: |
Chordata (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni)
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Nusufaila: |
Vertebrata (Wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo)
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Ngeli: |
Reptilia (Wanyama wenye damu baridi na magamba ngozini)
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Oda: |
Squamata (Mijusi, mijusi-nyungunyungu na nyoka)
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Nusuoda: |
Serpentes (Nyoka)
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Oda ya chini: |
Alethinophidia (Nyoka wasio vipofu)
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Familia: |
Viperidae (Nyoka walio na mnasaba na kipiri) Oppel, 1811 |
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Ngazi za chini |
Jenasi 34:
- Agkistrodon Palisot de Beauvois, 1799
- Atheris Cope, 1862
- Atropoides Werman, 1992
- Azemiops Boulenger, 1888
- Bitis Gray, 1842
- Bothriechis Peters, 1859
- Bothrocophias Cutberlet & Campbell, 2001
- Bothrops Wagler, 1824
- Calloselasma Cope, 1860
- Causus Wagler, 1830
- Cerastes Laurenti, 1768
- Cerrophidion Campbell & Lamar, 1992
- Crotalus Linnaeus, 1758
- Daboia Gray, 1842
- Deinagkistrodon Gloyd, 1979
- Echis Merrem, 1820
- Eristicophis Alcock & Finn, 1897
- Garthius
- Gloydius Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981
- Hypnale Fitzinger, 1843
- Lachesis Daudin, 1803
- Macrovipera Reuss, 1927
- Mixcoatlus Jadin, Smith & Campbell, 2011
- Montatheris Boulenger, 1910
- Montivipera (Nilsen et al., 1999)
- Ophryacus Cope, 1887
- Ovophis Burger, 1981
- Porthidium Cope, 1871
- Proatheris Peters, 1854
- Protobothrops Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1983
- Pseudocerastes Boulenger, 1896
- Sistrurus Garman, 1883
- Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804
- Tropidolaemus Wagler, 1830
- Vipera Laurenti, 1768
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Funga
Nyoka hawa sio warefu sana lakini wanene kwa kulinganisha na nyoka wengine na wana kichwa kipana kwa umbo wa pembetatu na mkia mfupi. Kwa kawaida magamba yao yana miinuko ambayo inaweza kuwa kama miiba. Miboni ya macho ni kama chanjo za wima ikiwa imefungwa kwa kiasi.
Waking'ata vipiri huingiza sumu katika mwili kupitia chonge mbili zenye mifereji. Mdomo ukiwa umefungwa chonge hizi zinalala kutegemea dari lake. Lakini iwapo kipiri akifungua mdomo chonge huduru mbele ili kudunga. Misuli inayofunga mdomo inakamua pia sumu kutoka tezi.
Vipiri sio wepesi sana na kwa hivyo wako hatari. Kwa sababu wana rangi za kamafleji hukaa bila kusogea hata kama adui anakaribia. Mtu anaweza kumkanyaga kipiri bila kumwona kisha kuumwa na kudungwa sumu. Lakini wakati mwingine kipiri anauma bila kuingiza sumu.
Sumu ya vipiri ina vimeng'enya vingi vinavyomeng'enya proteini (proteasi). Mchakato huu unasababisha maumivu makali, uvimbe na kuoza kwa tishu. Hata akipona mwathirika atakaa na kovu.
- Adenorhinos barbouri, Kifutu wa Udzungwa (Udzungwa viper)
- Atheris acuminata, Kipiri-miti wa Kyambura (Acuminate bush viper)
- Atheris ceratophora, Kipiri-miti wa Usambara (Horned bush viperl)
- Atheris desaixi, Kipiri-miti wa Mlima Kenya (Mt. Kenya bush viper)
- Atheris hispida, Kipiri-miti miiba (Rough-scaled bush viper)
- Atheris matildae, Kipiri-miti wa Matilda (Matilda's bush viper)
- Atheris nitschei, Kipiri-miti wa Maziwa Makubwa (Great lakes bush viper)
- Atheris rungweensis, Kipiri-miti wa Rungwe (Mt. Rungwe bush viper)
- Atheris squamigera, Kipiri-miti magamba-kwaruza (Variable bush viper)
- Bitis arietans, Bafe au Moma (African puff adder)
- Bitis gabonica, Moma- au Kifutu-misitu (Gaboon viper)
- Bitis nasicornis, Moma-milima, Moma kifaru au Kifutu-milima (Rhinoceros viper)
- Bitis worthingtoni, Moma wa Kenya au Kifutu-pembe wa Kenya (Kenya horned viper)
- Causus bilineatus, Kipiri milia-miwili (Two-striped night adder)
- Causus defilippii, Kipiri pua-ndefu (Snouted night adder)
- Causus lichtensteinii, Kipiri-misitu (Forest night adder)
- Causus maculatus, Kipiri madoa (Spotted night adder)
- Causus resimus, Kipiri kijani (Green night adder)
- Causus rhombeatus, Kipiri usiku (Rhombic night adder)
- Echis pyramidum, Kifutu-jangwa (North-East African carpet viper)
- Montatheris hindii, Kipiri-milima wa Kenya (Kenya montane viper)
- Proatheris superciliaris, Kipiri-bao (Swamp viper)
West African bush viper
Mountain adder
Horned adder
Many-horned adder
Bale Mountains adder
Dwarf puff adder
Rhinoceros adder
Red adder
Namaqua puff adder
- Spawls, S., Howell, K., Drewes, R. & Ashe, J. (2002) A field guide to the Reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
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