Alfred Russel Wallace dipikawanoh salaku naturalis, penjelajah, géografer, anthropologist tur ahli biologis ti Britania Raya . Anjeunna dipikawanoh pikeun pamahaman téori évolusi ngaliwatan seléksi alam; makalahna dina éta subyek diterbitkeun babarengan jeung sababaraha tulisan Charles Darwin dina taun 1858 .[1] Ieu hal ngadorong Darwin sangkan nyebarkeun gagasananana sorangan dina buku The Origin of Species . Wallace loba ngalakukeun panalungtikan lapangan, ti mimiti di Walungan Amazon jeung tuluy di Kapuloan Malayu Nusantara ( Nusantara ), di mana manéhna nyieun tetengger sebaran fauna nu kiwari katelah Jalur Wallace . Garisna ngabagi kapuloan Indonésia jadi dua bagian nu béda: kulon nu lolobana sato pituin Asia, sarta bagian wétan nu satona ngagambarkeun Australasia .
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