Облакодер

Облакодер или небодер (такође солитер, кула), врло је висока зграда прикладна за стално становање. Савремени извори тренутно дефинишу небодере као зграде са најмање 100 метара^[1] или 150 метара^[2] у висини, иако не постоји универзално прихваћена дефиниција. Небодери су врло високе зграде. Историјски гледано, термин се први пут односио на зграде са између 10 и 20 спратова када су ове врсте зграда почеле да се граде током 1880-их година.^[3] Небодери могу садржати канцеларије, хотеле, стамбене просторе и малопродајне просторе.

Према подацима из јануара 2020, само девет градова у свету има више од 100 небодера који су 150 m (492 ft) или виши: Хонгконг (355), Шенџен (289), Њујорк (284), Дубаи (201), Шангај (163), Токио (158), Мумбај (151), Чикаго (127), Чунгкинг (127) и Гуангџоу (118).^[4]

Назив облакодер у архитектури први пут се употребљава крајем 19. века, кад се тако високе зграде први пут појављују у Њујорку. Историчари архитектуре касније мењају тачну дефиницију на основу развијања инжењерства у 1880-им годинама, које је омогућило изградњу огромних вишеспратница.

Реч облакодер је сложеница са две речи: облак и дер (дера[ти], дира[ти]). Ово значи да се ради о нечему изразито високом, што „дира” облаке/небо. У енглеском језику (енгл. ) реч је реч настала у 18. веку (1794) и првобитно је означавала највиши јарбол (носач једра) на броду. Касније се односила на све што је високо и додирује небо, да би тако стигла и одомаћила се у архитектури.^[5]

Тајпеј 101
Куле Петронас
Сирс тауер
Комерцбанк тауер
Кула Банке Кине и Чангђанг ђитуан џунгсин
Тернинг торсо

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[2]
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[3]
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[4]
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[5]
„Skyscraper Dictionary » Etymology[[Категорија:Ботовски наслови]]”. Архивирано из оригинала 15. 03. 2014. г. Приступљено 15. 03. 2014. Сукоб URL—викивеза (помоћ)

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