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Digirta Guud (Af Ingiriis : Common beans; Af Carabi : ar) Saynis ahaan loo yaqaano "Phaseolus vulgaris"[2] waa midho firiley ah oo ka baxa deegaano badan oo caalamka ah. Sida caadiga ah, digirta guud waa ereyga soo kooba noocyada digirta ee leh midabo kala duwan, laakiin guud ahaan isku midka ah.[3][4]
Digirtu waxay ka mid tahay dhirta qaniga ku ah nafaqada borotiinka ee firileyda ah, taasi oo ka baxda meelo badan oo dunid ah.[5]
| Digir Guud | |
|---|---|
| |
Geedka digirta caleemo iyo iniinyo | |
| Kala soocida cilmiga ah | |
| Boqortooyo: | Plantae |
| (darajo la'aan): | Angiosperms |
| (darajo la'aan): | Eudicots |
| (darajo la'aan): | Rosids |
| Dirka: | Fabales |
| Bahka: | Fabaceae |
| Bahka hoose: | Faboideae |
| Qabiilka: | Phaseoleae |
| Qabyaalad: | Phaseolinae |
| Duulka: | Phaseolus |
| Noocyada: | P. vulgaris |
| Magaca laba-geesoodka ah | |
| Phaseolus vulgaris Carl Linnaeus | |
| Eray la mid ah[1] | |
| |
Gabi ahaan dhirta geedaha digirtu waa mid dhasha hal mar sanadkii, taasi oo u baahan cimilo iyo biyo kala gedisan.[4] Digirtu waa midho yaryar oo adag, qalalan, leh midabo kala duwan taasi oo ku salaysan cimilada, deegaanka iyo nafaqada geedka. Sidoo kale waxaa saameyn ku leh kala duwanaanta midhaha digirta waa jiiniska (genes),
Digirtu waxay ka mid tahay geedaha ugu taariikhda dheer ee dadku beeran jireen tan iyo ilbaxnimooyinka ka hor, wakhti hada laga joogo 10,000 sano.[6] Sida caadiga ah digirta waxaa maanta laga beerta meel kasta oo caalamka ah, marka laga reebo Antaraktika. Wadanada Baraasiil iyo Hindiya aya ugu badan soo saarida iyo beerida digirta qalalan, halka wadanka Shiinaha ugu badan yahay nooca digirta cagaaran. Sanadkii 2010ka waxaa caalamku guud ahaan soo saaray 23 milyan oo digirta guud ah iyo 17.1 milyan oo digirta cagaaran ah.
Noocyada ugu caansan digirta waxaa ka mid ah: digirta caadiga ah, faasuliyada, digirta madow, digirta cas, digirta cad iyo noocyo kale oo badan. In kastoo meelo badan ay ka baxdo digirtu, hadana labada Ameeriko ayaa lagu sheegaa ineey asal ahaan ka soo jeedo.
Si ka duwan mida ay isku dhow yihiin ee digirta cagaaran, digirtu waa midho la beero wakhtiyada cimiladu diiran (kuleyl yar) tahay. Waxay digirtu ku qaangaadhaa 55 ilaa 60 cisho ka soo biloow wakhtiga beerista ilaa bislaanshaha. Marka iniinta digirtu ay bislaan rabto waxay bedeshaa midabkeeda oo noqda huruud isla markaana way adkaataa waxayna yeelataa qolof ama dahaar khafiif ah. Taariikh ahaan waxaa la sheegay in markii ugu horeeysay lagu beeran jiray qaaradaha Ameerika (koonfur iyo waqooyi), halkaasi oo dadka deegaanku u isticmaali jireen cunto ahaa. Waxay geedka digirta ku dhex beeri jireen geedo kale sida galleyda si uu taageero uga helo.
Digirtu waa mid la beeran jirey ilaa wakhtiyo aad u horeeyay. Meelo badan oo kala duwan ayaa laga helay digir aad u taariikh dheer. Noocyo ka mid ah digirta waxaa laga beeran jirey wadanka Afgaanistan iyo buuraha Himalayas.[7] Sidoo kale nooc ka duwan waxaa laga beeran jiray wadanka Taylaan wakhti imika laga joogo 7,000 sano.[8] Waxaa iyadana xusid mudan in boqortooyadii hore e Masar ay isticmaali jireen digirta.[9]
Sidoo kale deegaano badan oo ka mid ah qaaradaha Ameerika waxaa laga beeran jirey digirta wakhti imika laga joogo 8,000 sano, taasi oo qaaradahaas ka dhigeysa kuwa ugu da'da weyn ee inta la ogyahay taariikhda beerashada digirta caalamka.
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