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Asphalt, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'bitumen' (UK: / bɪtjʊmɪn /, US: / bɪtjuːmən, baɪ - /), waa dareere adag, madow, iyo dareeraha sare ee muuqaalka ah ama qaab semiamid ah oo batrool. Waxa laga yaabaa in laga helo kaydka dabiiciga ah ama laga yaabo inay soo saarto wax soo saar leh, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa inay tahay garoon. Ka hor qarnigii 20aad, ereyga asphaltum ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalay.Ereyga waxaa laga soo qaatay Giriigga Giriigga ah ee ἄσφαλτος ásphaltos.
Isticmaalka asaasiga ah (70%) ee asfaltu wuxuu ku jiraa dhismo waddo, halkaas oo loo isticmaalo sida dhoobada ama qalajiyaha isku dhafan qaybo wadajir ah si loo abuuro asfalt la taaban karo. Isticmaalka kale ee muhiimka ah waxaa loogu talagalay badeecada qashin biyoodka ah, oo ay ku jiraan soo saarida saqafka dareemey iyo in la xiro saqafyada dhulka.
Ereyada "asfalt" iyo "bitumen" ayaa badanaaba loo adeegsadaa si macnaheedu yahay noocyada dabiiciga ah iyo kuwa la soo saaray ee walaxda. In Ingriisiga Ameerika, "asfalt" (ama "cement asfalt") ayaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa haraaga la cadeeyay ee ka soo baxa geedi socodka xasaasiga ah ee saliidda cayriin. Ka baxsan Maraykanka, badeecada waxaa badanaa la yiraahdaa "bitumen", iyo cilmi yaqaanka jeermisyada adduunka ayaa doorbidaya ereyga noocyada dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah. Isticmaalka isugeyntii caadiga ah badanaaba waxay tilmaamaysaa noocyo kala duwan oo asfalt ah sida "tar", sida magaca La Brea Tar Pits.
Xaaladaha asfaltinka ah ee dabiiciga ah ayaa mararka qaarkood lagu tilmaamaa ereyga "bitumen". Qoyaanku wuxuu la mid yahay maadiga qabow halka maaddada laga helay barta sheyga ee saliidda cayriin ee 525 ° C (977 ° F) waxaa mararka qaarkood loogu yeeraa "bitumen salad". Gobolka Canadian of Alberta wuxuu leeyahay inta badan kaydka aduunka ee dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah ee saliida Athabasca, kaas oo daboolaya 142,000 kiilomitir oo isku wareeg ah (55,000 sq m), aag ka weyn England.
Sababtoo ah sifooyinka biyo -xireenka, faa iidada bitumenku u leedahay dadka ayaa ka horraysay Daadka, waayo, Nuux, markii la faray inuu dhiso doonnida, waxaa loo sheegay inuu “ku daboolo gudaha iyo dibaddaba daamur.”[1] Mar qudha dooxadii Siddiim, oo ku taal meel u dhow Sodom iyo Gomora oo ku taal aagga Badda Dhimatay, ayaa lagu tilmaamaa inay tahay “godad ku yaal godad dhoobo ah”
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