Monetarna ekonomija je veja ekonomije, ki preučuje različne teorije denarja: zagotavlja ogrodje za analiziranje denarja] in obravnava njegove funkcije (npr. menjalno sredstvo, hranilec vrednosti in obračunska enota) ter preučuje, kako je lahko denar sprejet samo na podlagi njegove uporabnosti kot javna dobrina.[1] Ta veda je zgodovinsko naznanjala in ostala integralno povezana z makroekonomijo.[2] Ta veja tudi preučuje učinke monetarnih sistemov in vključuje regulacijo denarja in povezane finančne institucije[3] ter mednarodne vidike.[4]
Moderna analiza je poskušala zagotoviti mikrotemelje za povpraševanje po denarju[5] in ločevanje nominalnega in realnega odnosa z denarjem za mikro in makro uporabo, vključno z njihovim vplivom na agregatno povpraševanje po outputu.[6] Njene metode vključujejo izvajanje in preizkušanje implikacij za denar kot substitut za druga sredstva[7] in temelji na eksplicitnih trenjih.[8]
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