Vijayanagara Empire

Vijayanagara empire (1336–1646 CE) was an Indian Hindu empire. From 1336 and afterwards, it was in the Deccan, in the peninsula and in southern India. It was founded by Harihara (Hakka) and his brother Bukka Raya. The empire is named after its capital city Vijayanagara, now Hampi in modern Karnataka, India. It began in 1336 and ended in 1660, though in its last century it began losing its power. Stories of the empire's creation and history are not certain, though tales of the empire's wealth and power were described by European travellers such as the Portuguese travelers Domingo Paes and Nuniz, and the Venetian traveler Niccolò Da Conti.

Vijayanagara Empire
1336–1646
Map of the Vijayanagara Empire at its height under the Sangama dynasty.[2]
Capital	Vijayanagara (1336–1565) Penukonda (1565–1592) Chandragiri (1592–1604) Vellore (1604–1646)[3]
Common languages	Kannada Telugu Sanskrit[4]
Religion	Hinduism
Government	Monarchy
Monarch
• 1336–1356	Harihara I
• 1642–1646	Sriranga III
History
• Established	1336
• Earliest records	1343
• Disestablished	1646
Currency	Varaha
Preceded by Succeeded by Hoysala Empire Madurai Sultanate Delhi Sultanate Kingdom of Mysore Nayakas of Keladi Thanjavur Nayak kingdom Madurai Nayak dynasty Nayakas of Chitradurga Nayaks of Gingee
Today part of	India

Dynasties and kings

The Empire was ruled by four different dynasties from 1336 CE to 1646 CE and maintained control over most of South India during most of its history.^[5]

Sangama dynasty (1336–1485)

Serial no.	Regnal names	Reign
1	Harihara I (Founder)	18 April 1336 – 20 November 1356
2	Bukka Raya I	1356–1377
3	Harihara II	21 June 1377 – 1404
4	Virupaksha Raya	1404–1405
5	Bukka Raya II	27 July 1404 – August/November 1406
6	Deva Raya	5 November 1406 – 25 February 1423
7	Ramachandra Raya	4 April 1423 – 1423
8	Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya	1422–1424
9	Deva Raya II	10 February 1423 – May 1446
10	Mallikarjuna Raya	1446 – 14 July 1465
11	Virupaksha Raya II	1465–1485
12	Praudha Raya	1485

Saluva dynasty (1485–1505)

Serial no.	Regnal names	Reign
13	Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya	1485–1491
14	Thimma Bhupala	1491
15	Narasimha Raya II	1491–1505

Tuluva dynasty (1491–1570)

Serial no.	Regnal names	Reign
16	Tuluva Narasa Nayaka	1491–1503
17	Viranarasimha Raya	1503 – 26 July 1509
18	Krishnadevaraya	26 July 1509 – 17 October 1529
19	Achyuta Deva Raya	30 November 1529 – 1542
20	Venkata I	1542
21	Sadasiva Raya	1542–1570

Aravidu dynasty (1542–1646)

Serial no.	Regnal names	Reign
22	Aliya Rama Raya	1542 – 23 January 1565
23	Tirumala Deva Raya	1565–1572
24	Sriranga I	1572–1586
25	Venkata II	1586–1614
26	Sriranga II	1614
27	Rama Deva Raya	1617–1632
28	Venkata III	1632–1642
29	Sriranga III (Last Emperor)	1642–1646/1678

References

1. Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.l. ISBN 0226742210.
2. Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.l. ISBN 0226742210.
3. Howes, Jennifer (1998). The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship. Psychology Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-07-0071-585-5.
4. Bridges, Elizabeth J. (2016). "Vijayanagara Empire". In Dalziel, N.; MacKenzie, J. M. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Empire. pp. 1–5. doi:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe424. ISBN 978-1118455074.
5. Dhere, Ramchandra (2011). Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research. Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 243. ISBN 9780199777648.

Other websites

• History of Karnataka - Mr. Arthikaje Archived 2006-11-04 at the Wayback Machine
• Indian Inscriptions - Archeological Survery Of India
• A Forgotten Empire: Vijayanagar: A Contribution to the History of India
• http://freeindia.org/biographies/greatlkings/hakkabukka/index.htm(Biography of Hakka and Bukka.) Archived 2008-12-31 at the Wayback Machine
• Vijayanagar Empire, Dr. Jyotsna Kamat
• Hampi - History and Tourism