Names of large numbers
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Numbers that are larger than one million are usually either represented using scientific notation, or by words.[1]
Overview
United States
There are two main ways of using words to write large numbers. The American way or "Short form" for naming large numbers is different from the European way or "Long form" of naming large numbers. This is mainly because of American finance. Short form numbering is based on thousands and Long form is based on millions. Because of this, in Short form a billion is one thousand millions (109) while in Long form it is one million millions (1012).[source?]
United Kingdom
The change in the United Kingdom to short form numbering happened in 1974. Today, Short form is most commonly used in most English speaking countries.[source?]
Names for large numbers
| Scientific notation | American name
(Short Form) |
Old European name
(Long Form) |
Old-British name | SI Symbol | Metric prefix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | One | One | One | ||
| 101 | Ten | Ten | Ten | da | Deca- |
| 102 | Hundred | Hundred | Hundred | h | Hecto- |
| 103 | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | k | Kilo- |
| 104 | Ten thousand | Ten thousand | Ten thousand | ||
| 105 | Hundred thousand | Hundred thousand | Hundred thousand | ||
| 106 | Million | Million | Million | M | Mega- |
| 109 | Billion | Milliard | Thousand million | G | Giga- |
| 1012 | Trillion | Billion | Billion | T | Tera- |
| 1015 | Quadrillion | Billiard | Thousand billion | P | Peta- |
| 1018 | Quintillion | Trillion | Trillion | E | Exa- |
| 1021 | Sextillion | Trilliard | Thousand trillion | Z | Zetta- |
| 1024 | Septillion | Quadrillion | Quadrillion | Y | Yotta- |
| 1027 | Octillion | Quadrilliard | Thousand quadrillion | R | Ronna- |
| 1030 | Nonillion | Quintillion | Quintillion | Q | Quetta- |
| 1033 | Decillion | Quintilliard | Thousand quintillion | ||
| 1036 | Undecillion | Sextillion | Sextillion | ||
| 1039 | Duodecillion | Sextilliard | Thousand sextillion | ||
| 1042 | Tredecillion | Septillion | Septillion | ||
| 1045 | Quattuordecillion | Septilliard | Thousand septillion | ||
| 1048 | Quindecillion | Octillion | Octillion | ||
| 1051 | Sexdecillion | Octilliard | Thousand octillion | ||
| 1054 | Septendecillion | Nonillion | Nonillion | ||
| 1057 | Octodecillion | Nonilliard | Thousand nonillion | ||
| 1060 | Novemdecillion | Decillion | Decillion | ||
| 1063 | Vigintillion | Decilliard | Thousand decillion | ||
| 1066 | Unvigintillion | Undecillion | Undecillion | ||
| 1069 | Duovigintillion | Undecilliard | Thousand undecillion | ||
| 1072 | Trevigintillion | Duodecillion | Duodecillion | ||
| 1075 | Quattuorvigintillion | Duodecilliard | Thousand duodecillion | ||
| 1078 | Quinvigintillion | Tredecillion | Tredecillion | ||
| 1081 | Sexvigintillion | Tredecilliard | Thousand tredecillion | ||
| 1084 | Septenvigintillion | Quattuordecillion | Quattuordecillion | ||
| 1087 | Octovigintillion | Quattuordecilliard | Thousand quattuordecillion | ||
| 1090 | Novemvigintillion | Quindecillion | Quindecillion | ||
| 1093 | Trigintillion | Quindecilliard | Thousand quindecillion | ||
| 1096 | Untrigintillion | Sexdecillion | Sexdecillion | ||
| 1099 | Duotrigintillion | Sexdecilliard | Thousand sexdecillion | ||
| 10100 | Googol | Googol | Googol | ||
| 10102 | Tretrigintillion | Septendecillion | Septendecillion | ||
| 10105 | Quattuortrigintillion | Septendecilliard | Thousand septendecillion | ||
| 10108 | Quintrigintillion | Octodecillion | Octodecillion | ||
| 10111 | Sextrigintillion | Octodecilliard | Thousand octodecillion | ||
| 10114 | Septentrigintillion | Novemdecillion | Novemdecillion | ||
| 10117 | Octotrigintillion | Novemdecilliard | Thousand novemdecillion | ||
| 10120 | Novemtrigintillion | Vigintillion | Vigintillion | ||
| 10123 | Quadragintillion | Vigintilliard | Thousand vigintillion | ||
| 10126 | Unquadragintillion | Unvigintillion | Unvigintillion | ||
| 10129 | Duoquadragintillion | Unvigintilliard | Thousand unvigintillion | ||
| 10132 | Trequadragintillion | Duovigintillion | Duovigintillion | ||
| 10135 | Quattuorquadragintillion | Duovigintilliard | Thousand duovigintillion | ||
| 10138 | Quinquadragintillion | Trevigintillion | Trevigintillion | ||
| 10141 | Sexquadragintillion | Trevigintilliard | Thousand trevigintillion | ||
| 10144 | Septenquadragintillion | Quattuorvigintillion | Quattuorvigintillion | ||
| 10147 | Octoquadragintillion | Quattuorvigintilliard | Thousand quattuorvigintillion | ||
| 10150 | Novemquadragintillion | Quinvigintillion | Quinvigintillion | ||
| 10153 | Quinquagintillion | Quinvigintilliard | Thousand Quinvigintillion | ||
| 10156 | Unquinquagintillion | Sexvigintillion | Sexvigintillion | ||
| 10159 | Duoquinquagintillion | Sexvigintilliard | Thousand sexvigintillion | ||
| 10162 | Trequinquagintillion | Septenvigintillion | Septenvigintillion | ||
| 10165 | Quattuorquinquagintillion | Septenvigintilliard | Thousand septenvigintillion | ||
| 10168 | Quinquinquagintillion | Octovigintillion | Octovigintillion | ||
| 10171 | Sexquinquagintillion | Octovigintilliard | Thousand octovigintillion | ||
| 10174 | Septenquinquagintillion | Novemvigintillion | Novemvigintillion | ||
| 10177 | Octoquinquagintillion | Novemvigintilliard | Thousand novemvigintillion | ||
| 10180 | Novemquinquagintillion | Trigintillion | Trigintillion | ||
| 10183 | Sexagintillion | Trigintilliard | Thousand Trigintillion | ||
| 10186 | Unsexagintillion | Untrigintillion | Untrigintillion | ||
| 10189 | Duosexagintillion | Untrigintilliard | Thousand Untrigintillion | ||
| 10192 | Tresexagintillion | Duotrigintillion | Duotrigintillion | ||
| 10195 | Quattuorsexagintillion | Duotrigintilliard | Thousand duotrigintillion | ||
| 10198 | Quinsexagintillion | Tretrigintillion | Tretrigintillion | ||
| 10201 | Sexsexagintillion | Tretrigintilliard | Thousand Tretrigintillion | ||
| 10204 | Septensexagintillion | Quattuortrigintillion | Quattuortrigintillion | ||
| 10207 | Octosexagintillion | Quattuortrigintilliard | Thousand quattuortrigintillion | ||
| 10210 | Novemsexagintillion | Quintrigintillion | Quintrigintillion | ||
| 10213 | Septuagintillion | Quintrigintilliard | Thousand Quintrigintillion | ||
| 10216 | Unseptuagintillion | Sextrigintillion | Sextrigintillion | ||
| 10219 | Duoseptuagintillion | Sextrigintilliard | Thousand sextrigintillion | ||
| 10222 | Treseptuagintillion | Septentrigintillion | Septentrigintillion | ||
| 10225 | Quattuorseptuagintillion | Septentrigintilliard | Thousand septentrigintillion | ||
| 10228 | Quinseptuagintillion | Octotrigintillion | Octotrigintillion | ||
| 10231 | Sexseptuagintillion | Octotrigintilliard | Thousand octotrigintillion | ||
| 10234 | Septenseptuagintillion | Novemtrigintillion | Novemtrigintillion | ||
| 10237 | Octoseptuagintillion | Novemtrigintilliard | Thousand novemtrigintillion | ||
| 10240 | Novemseptuagintillion | Quadragintillion | Quadragintillion | ||
| 10243 | Octogintillion | Quadragintilliard | Thousand quadragintillion | ||
| 10246 | Unoctogintillion | Unquadragintillion | Unquadragintillion | ||
| 10249 | Duooctogintillion | Unquadragintilliard | Thousand unquadragintillion | ||
| 10252 | Treoctogintillion | Duoquadragintillion | Duoquadragintillion | ||
| 10255 | Quattuoroctogintillion | Duoquadragintilliard | Thousand duoquadragintillion | ||
| 10258 | Quinoctogintillion | Trequadragintillion | Trequadragintillion | ||
| 10261 | Sexoctogintillion | Trequadragintilliard | Thousand trequadragintillion | ||
| 10264 | Septenoctogintillion | Quattuorquadragintillion | Quattuorquadragintillion | ||
| 10267 | Octooctogintillion | Quattuorquadragintilliard | Thousand quattuorquadragintillion | ||
| 10270 | Novemoctogintillion | Quinquadragintillion | Quinquadragintillion | ||
| 10273 | Nonagintillion | Quinquadragintilliard | Thousand quinquadragintillion | ||
| 10276 | Unnonagintillion | Sexquadragintillion | Sexquadragintillion | ||
| 10279 | Duononagintillion | Sexquadragintilliard | Thousand sexquadragintillion | ||
| 10282 | Trenonagintillion | Septenquadragintillion | Septenquadragintillion | ||
| 10285 | Quattuornonagintillion | Septenquadragintilliard | Thousand septenquadragintillion | ||
| 10288 | Quinnonagintillion | Octoquadragintillion | Octoquadragintillion | ||
| 10291 | Sexnonagintillion | Octoquadragintilliard | Thousand octoquadragintillion | ||
| 10294 | Septennonagintillion | Novemquadragintillion | Novemquadragintillion | ||
| 10297 | Octononagintillion | Novemquadragintilliard | Thousand novemquadragintillion | ||
| 10300 | Novemnonagintillion | Quinquagintillion | Quinquagintillion | ||
| 10303 | Centillion | Quinquagintilliard | Thousand quinquagintillion | ||
| 10306 | Uncentillion | Unquinquagintillion | Unquinquagintillion | ||
| 10309 | Duocentillion | Unquinquagintilliard | Thousand unquinquagintillion | ||
| 10312 | Trescentillion | ||||
| 10315 | Quattuorcentillion | ||||
| 10318 | Quincentillion | ||||
| 10321 | Sexcentillion | ||||
| 10324 | Septencentillion | ||||
| 10327 | Octocentillion | ||||
| 10330 | Novemcentillion | ||||
| 10333 | Decicentillion | ||||
| 10363 | Viginticentillion | ||||
| 10393 | Triginticentillion | ||||
| 10423 | Quadragintacentillion | ||||
| 10453 | Quinquagintacentillion | ||||
| 10483 | Sexagintacentillion | ||||
| 10513 | Septuacentillion | ||||
| 10543 | Octogintacentillion | ||||
| 10573 | Nonagintacentillion | ||||
| 10603 | Ducentillion | ||||
| 10903 | Trecentillion | ||||
| 101203 | Quadringentillion | ||||
| 101503 | Quingentillion | ||||
| 101803 | Sescentillion | ||||
| 102103 | Septingentillion | ||||
| 102403 | Octingentillion | ||||
| 102703 | Nongentillion | ||||
| 103003 | Millinillion | ||||
| 106003 | Billinillion | ||||
| 109003 | Trillinillion | ||||
| 1010100 | Googolplex | ||||
| 10101034 | Skewes' Number | ||||
| 10Googolplex | Googolplexian | ||||
| 10Googolplexian | Googolplexianth | ||||
| 3↑↑...↑↑3 | Graham's Number |
There is also the number googol, which is a 1 with 100 zeros behind it (10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000), and the number googolplex, which is a 1 with a googol of zeros behind it, (10Googol). There is also Googolplexian (10Googolplex) and Googolplexianth (10Googolplexian)
The name centillion was devised in the 19th century for the 100th "illion", being 10303 in short form and 10600 in long form, and is much bigger than googol.
The number TREE 3 is so incomprehensibly big it dwarfs every other number compared to it, far surpassing even exponential growth or the number of atoms in the known universe. It originates from a mathematical game about arranging trees (graph structures) under specific rules, where the challenge is to avoid repeating any previously created tree patterns.[2]
History
Prehistory
Numbers were first used by prehistoric tribes. Those prehistoric tribes invented numbers as a way to measure and calculate items, something which required counting. More advanced prehistoric tribes later invented mathematics and they started adding, subtracting, and multiplying as a way to measure and calculate more advanced and complex items and certain fields.[source?]
Bronze Age
Large numbers were first used by ancient civilizations such as Sumer, Ancient Egypt, Akkad, Babylonia, the Hittite Empire, Rome, and Greece, for measuring and calculating items. As civilizations grew more complex, numbers did as well.[source?]
Renaissance
The words billion and trillion, and millions were first written to describe extremely large numbers in 1475 by Jehan Adam. In 1484, Nicolas Chuquet used the words million, billion, trillion, and even further to write and describe way much larger numbers.[3][better source needed] Adam and Chuquet both used long scale. For example, Adam's billion (Chuquet's (bi)llion) was used to write 1012.[4][better source needed] While these were the first writings that used these words, Adam and Chuquet were probably not the creators of the words. The word million comes from the Old Italian millione.[3][5] These words were also probably commonly used before the books were written.[3]
Other websites
References
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