List of Nobel Prize winners in Economics

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel,^[1] commonly called the Nobel Prize in Economics, is a prize awarded each year for outstanding contributions in the field of economics. The prize was not one of the awards set out in the will of Alfred Nobel. The winners of the prize receive their diploma and gold medal from the Swedish monarch at the same December 10 ceremony in Stockholm as the Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, and literature. The amount of money awarded is the same as the other prizes.

Winners

Year		Laureate	Country	Rationale	Ph.D. alma mater	Institution (most significant tenure/at time of receipt)
1969		Ragnar Frisch	Norway	"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes"[2]	University of Oslo	University of Oslo
		Jan Tinbergen	Netherlands		Leiden University	Erasmus University
1970		Paul Samuelson	United States	"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science"[3]	Harvard University	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1971		Simon Kuznets	United States	"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development"[4]	Columbia University	Harvard University
1972		John Hicks	United Kingdom	"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory."[5]	University of Oxford	University of Oxford
		Kenneth Arrow	United States		Columbia University	Harvard University
1973		Wassily Leontief	Soviet Union  United States	"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems"[6]	University of Berlin	Harvard University
1974		Gunnar Myrdal	Sweden	"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena."[7]	Stockholm University	Stockholm University
		Friedrich Hayek	Austria  United Kingdom		University of Vienna	London School of Economics, University of Chicago
1975		Leonid Kantorovich	Soviet Union	"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources"[8]	Leningrad State University	Novosibirsk State University
		Tjalling Koopmans	Netherlands  United States		University of Leiden	University of Chicago, Yale University
1976		Milton Friedman	United States	"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilisation policy"[9]	Columbia University	University of Chicago
1977		Bertil Ohlin	Sweden	"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements"[10]	Stockholm University	Stockholm School of Economics
		James Meade	United Kingdom		University of Cambridge	University of Cambridge
1978		Herbert A. Simon	United States	"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations"[11]	University of Chicago	Carnegie Mellon University
1979		Theodore Schultz	United States	"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries."[12]	University of Wisconsin-Madison	University of Chicago
		W. Arthur Lewis	Saint Lucia  United Kingdom		London School of Economics	Princeton University
1980		Lawrence Klein	United States	"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies"[13]	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	University of Pennsylvania
1981		James Tobin	United States	"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices"[14]	Harvard University	Yale University
1982		George Stigler	United States	"for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation"[15]	University of Chicago	University of Chicago
1983		Gérard Debreu	France	"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium"[16]	École Normale Supérieure University of Paris	University of California, Berkeley
1984		Richard Stone	United Kingdom	"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis"[17]	University of Cambridge	University of Cambridge
1985		Franco Modigliani	Italy	"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"[18]	The New School for Social Research	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1986		James M. Buchanan	United States	"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making"[19]	University of Chicago	George Mason University
1987		Robert Solow	United States	"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth"[20]	Harvard University	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1988		Maurice Allais	France	"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources"[21]	École Polytechnique	École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, Paris Nanterre University
1989		Trygve Haavelmo	Norway	"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures"[22]	University of Oslo	University of Oslo
1990		Harry Markowitz	United States	"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"[23]	University of Chicago	City University of New York
		Merton Miller			Johns Hopkins University	Carnegie Mellon University, University of Chicago
		William F. Sharpe			University of California, Los Angeles	Stanford University
1991		Ronald Coase	United Kingdom	"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy"[24]	London School of Economics	University of Chicago, London School of Economics
1992		Gary Becker	United States	"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including non-market behaviour"[25]	University of Chicago	University of Chicago
1993		Robert Fogel	United States	"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change"[26]	Johns Hopkins University	University of Chicago
		Douglass North			University of California, Berkeley	Washington University in St Louis
1994		John Harsanyi	Hungary  United States	"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games."[27]	Stanford University	University of California, Berkeley
		John Forbes Nash	United States		Princeton University	Princeton University
		Reinhard Selten	Germany		Goethe University Frankfurt	University of Bonn
1995		Robert Lucas Jr.	United States	"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy"[28]	University of Chicago	University of Chicago
1996		James Mirrlees	United Kingdom	"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information"[29]	University of Cambridge	University of Oxford, University of Cambridge
		William Vickrey	Canada  United States		Columbia University	Columbia University
1997		Robert C. Merton	United States	"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives."[30]	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
		Myron Scholes	Canada  United States		University of Chicago	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1998		Amartya Sen	India	"for his contributions to welfare economics"[31]	University of Cambridge	Harvard University, University of Cambridge
1999		Robert Mundell	Canada	"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas"[32]	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Columbia University
2000		James Heckman	United States	"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples"[33]	Princeton University	University of Chicago
		Daniel McFadden	United States	"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice"[33]	University of Minnesota	University of California Berkeley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2001		George Akerlof	United States	"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"[34]	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Georgetown University, University of California Berkeley
		Michael Spence			Harvard University	Harvard University
		Joseph E. Stiglitz			Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Princeton University, Columbia University
2002		Daniel Kahneman	Israel  United States	"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"[35]	University of California, Berkeley	Princeton University, University of British Columbia
		Vernon L. Smith	United States	"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms"[35]	Harvard University	University of Arizona
2003		Robert F. Engle	United States	"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)"[36]	Cornell University	University of California, San Diego
		Clive Granger	United Kingdom	"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)"[36]	University of Nottingham	University of California, San Diego
2004		Finn E. Kydland	Norway	"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles."[37]	Carnegie Mellon University	Carnegie Mellon University
		Edward C. Prescott	United States		Carnegie Mellon University	Carnegie Mellon University, Arizona State University
2005		Robert J. Aumann	United States  Israel	"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis."[38]	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Hebrew University of Jerusalem
		Thomas C. Schelling	United States		Harvard University	Yale University, Harvard University
2006		Edmund S. Phelps	United States	"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy"[39]	Yale University	Columbia University
2007		Leonid Hurwicz	Poland  United States	"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"[40]	London School of Economics	University of Minnesota, Iowa State University
		Eric S. Maskin	United States		Harvard University	Harvard University
		Roger B. Myerson			Harvard University	Northwestern University
2008		Paul Krugman	United States	"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"[41]	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Princeton University
2009		Elinor Ostrom	United States	"for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"[42]	University of California, Los Angeles	Indiana University
		Oliver E. Williamson		"for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm"[42]	Carnegie Mellon University	University of Pennsylvania, University of California Berkeley
2010		Peter A. Diamond	United States	"for their analysis of markets with search frictions"[43]	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
		Dale T. Mortensen			Carnegie Mellon University	Northwestern University
		Christopher A. Pissarides	Cyprus		London School of Economics	London School of Economics
2011		Thomas J. Sargent	United States	"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"[44]	Harvard University	Hoover Institution, University of Minnesota
		Christopher A. Sims			Harvard University	University of Minnesota
2012		Alvin E. Roth	United States	"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design."[45]	Stanford University	Stanford University, Harvard University
		Lloyd S. Shapley			Princeton University	University of California, Los Angeles
2013		Eugene F. Fama	United States	"for their empirical analysis of asset prices."[46]	University of Chicago	University of Chicago
		Lars Peter Hansen			University of Minnesota	University of Chicago
		Robert J. Shiller			Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Yale University
2014		Jean Tirole	France	"for his analysis of market power and regulation".[47]	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Massachusetts Institute of Technology Toulouse School of Economics École des hautes études en sciences sociales
2015		Angus Deaton	United Kingdom  United States	"for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare".[48]	University of Cambridge	University of Bristol, Princeton University
2016		Oliver Hart	United Kingdom  United States	"for their contributions to contract theory".[49]	Princeton University	Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University
		Bengt Holmström	Finland		Stanford University	Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Yale University
2017		Richard Thaler	United States	"for his contributions to behavioural economics".[50]	University of Rochester	Cornell University, University of Chicago
2018		William Nordhaus	United States	"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis"[51]	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Yale University
		Paul Romer		"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis"	University of Chicago	New York University
2019		Abhijit Banerjee	United States  India	"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty"[52]	Harvard University	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
		Esther Duflo	United States  France		Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
		Michael Kremer	United States		Harvard University	Harvard University
2020		Paul Milgrom	United States	"for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats."	Stanford University	Stanford University
		Robert B. Wilson	United States		Harvard University	Stanford University
2021		David Card	Canada	"for his empirical contributions to labour economics"[53]	Princeton University	Berkeley
		Joshua Angrist	United States  Israel	"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships"[53]	Princeton University	MIT
		Guido W. Imbens	United States  Netherlands		Brown University	Stanford University
2022		Ben Bernanke	United States	"for research on banks and financial crises"[54]	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Princeton University, Brookings Institution
		Douglas Diamond			Yale University	University of Chicago
		Philip H. Dybvig			Yale University	Washington University in St. Louis
2023		Claudia Goldin	United States	"for having advanced our understanding of women's labour market outcome"[55]	University of Chicago	Harvard University
2024		Daron Acemoglu	Turkey  United States	"for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity"[56]	London School of Economics	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
		Simon Johnson	United Kingdom  United States		Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
		James A. Robinson	United Kingdom		Yale University	University of Chicago

Related pages

• List of Nobel Prize winners by country
• List of Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry
• List of Nobel Prize winners in Physics
• List of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine
• List of Nobel Prize winners in Literature
• List of Nobel Peace Prize winners