Kingdom of Scotland

This article is about the historical state called the Kingdom of Scotland (843–1707). For the modern country in the United Kingdom, see Scotland.

The Kingdom of Scotland was a historic country and state. It started in the Early Middle Ages and was in existence until the early modern period.

Kingdom of Scotland Rìoghachd na h-Alba  (Scottish Gaelic ) Kinrick o Scotland  (Scots)
843–1707
Top: Flag (1542-1707) Bottom: Royal Standard (1565-1603) Royal arms of Scotland
Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit  (Latin) ("No one provokes me with impunity") "Cha togar m'fhearg gun dioladh"   (Scottish Gaelic) "Wha daur meddle wi me?"  (Scots)
Kingdom of Scotland in 1190
Capital	Edinburgh¹
Common languages	Scottish Gaelic, Scots
Government	Monarchy
Monarch
• 843–858	Kenneth I
• 1567–1625	James VI
• 1702–1707	Anne
Legislature	Parliament of Scotland
History
• United	843
• Lothian and Strathclyde incorporated	1124 (confirmed Treaty of York, 1237)
• Galloway incorporated	1234/5
• Hebrides, Isle of Man and Caithness incorporated	1266 (Treaty of Perth)
• Orkney and Shetland annexed	1472
• Acts of Union 1707	1 May 1707
Currency	Pound Scots (Pund)
ISO 3166 code	GB-SCT
Preceded by Succeeded by Picts United Kingdom of Great Britain
¹ By the early modern era established at Edinburgh, and before that Scone & various.

After 1603, it had the same monarch as the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Ireland. In 1653, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the government of Oliver Cromwell made Scotland into part of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland: a republic. However, at The Restoration, Scotland started again to be a kingdom. It combined with the Kingdom of England to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 because of the Acts of Union 1707.^[1]