Keichō

Keichō (慶長) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,, lit. "year name") after Bunroku and before Genna. This period started in October 1596 and ended in July 1615.^[1] During this time, the emperors were Go-Yōzei-tennō (後陽成天皇)^[2] and Go-Mizunoo-tennō (後水尾天皇).^[3]

The nengō Keichō means "Eternal Jubilance"^[4] or "Eternal Jubilance".^[5]

Thumb — Gold coins minted during Keichō era

1596 (Keichō 1): Japanese invasion of Korea (also known as the Imjin War).
18 September 1598 (Keichō 3, 18th day of the 8th month): Toyotomi Hideyoshi died at the age of 63.^[6]
21 October 1600 (Keichō 5, 15th day of the 9th month): Battle of Sekigahara,^[6] which was known as "the battle that determined the future of the country" (天下分け目の合戦, Tenka wake-me no kassen).^[7]
1603 (Keichō 8): Tokugawa Ieyasu was named Shogun.^[8]
1605 (Keichō 10): The first major map of Japan was ordered by the shogunate.^[9]
1609 (Keichō 12): Satsuma invades Kingdom of Ryukyu; King Shō Nei travels to Edo.^[8]
20 May 1610 (Keichō 15, the 27th day of the 3rd month): Toyotomi Hideyori came to Kyoto to visit the former-Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu; and the same day, the emperor announces his intention to resign in favor of his son Masahito.^[10]
9 May 1611 (Keichō 16): Go-Yōzei abdicated; and his son received the succession (senso); and soon after, Emperor Go-Mizunoo's role as monarch is confirmed by ceremonies (sokui).^[11]
1612 (Keichō 17): The oldest clock in Japan was received by Tokugawa Ieyasu as a gift from Philip III of Spain.^[12]
1613 (Keichō 18): Hasekura Tsunenaga headed a diplomatic mission to the Americas and Europe.^[13]
1614 (Keichō 19): Siege of Osaka.^[14]
18 October 1614 (Keichō 19, 25th day of the 10th month): A strong earthquake shook Kyoto.^[14]
1615 (Keichō 20): Osaka Summer Battle

[1]
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Keichō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 504.
[2]
Nussbaum, "Go-Yōzei Tennō," p. 265.
[3]
Nussbaum, "Go-Mizunoo Tennō," pp. 256-257; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 402-410.
[4]
Watsky, Andrew Mark. (2004). Chikubushima: Deploying the Sacred Arts in Momoyama Japan, p. 24
[5]
Hall, John Whitney. (1991). Early Modern Japan, p. 14.
[6]
Titsingh, p. 405.
[7]
Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. (1989). The Japan of the Shoguns: the Tokugawa Collection, p. 123.
[8]
Titisngh, p. 409.
[9]
Traganeou, Jilly. (2004). The Tōkaidō Road: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan, p. 230.
[10]
Titsingh, p. 409; Hirai, Kiyoshi. (1950). "A Short History of the Retired Emperor's Palace in the Edo Era", Architectural Institute of Japan: The Japanese Construction Society Academic Dissertation Report Collection (日本建築学会論文報告集), No.61(19590325), pp. 143–150.
[11]
Titsingh, p. 410; Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1998). Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit,p. 186; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami. Compare Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), Ceremony of Accession (Sokui-no-Rei); retrieved 2012-11-8.
[12]
Oosterling, Henk. (1996). Time and Temporality in Intercultural Perspective, p. 96.
[13]
Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Japan-Mexico Relations; retrieved 2011-12-5.
[14]
Titsingh, p. 410.

National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Okinawa Prefectural Archives, http://www.archives.pref.okinawa.jp/publication/2009/04/post-168.html Archived 2012-04-16 at the Wayback Machine

More information 1st, 2nd ...

Keichō	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th	11th	12th	13th	14th	15th	16th	17th	18th	19th	20th
	1596	1597	1598	1599	1600	1601	1602	1603	1604	1605	1606	1607	1608	1609	1610	1611	1612	1613	1614	1615

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Preceded by:
Bunroku

Era or nengō:
Keichō

Succeeded by:
Genna

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[1] [1]
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Keichō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 504.

[2] [2]
Nussbaum, "Go-Yōzei Tennō," p. 265.

[3] [3]
Nussbaum, "Go-Mizunoo Tennō," pp. 256-257; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 402-410.

[4] [4]
Watsky, Andrew Mark. (2004). Chikubushima: Deploying the Sacred Arts in Momoyama Japan, p. 24

[5] [5]
Hall, John Whitney. (1991). Early Modern Japan, p. 14.

[t405-6] [6]
Titsingh, p. 405.

[7] [7]
Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. (1989). The Japan of the Shoguns: the Tokugawa Collection, p. 123.

[t409-8] [8]
Titisngh, p. 409.

[9] [9]
Traganeou, Jilly. (2004). The Tōkaidō Road: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan, p. 230.

[10] [10]
Titsingh, p. 409; Hirai, Kiyoshi. (1950). "A Short History of the Retired Emperor's Palace in the Edo Era", Architectural Institute of Japan: The Japanese Construction Society Academic Dissertation Report Collection (日本建築学会論文報告集), No.61(19590325), pp. 143–150.

[11] [11]
Titsingh, p. 410; Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1998). Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit,p. 186; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami. Compare Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), Ceremony of Accession (Sokui-no-Rei); retrieved 2012-11-8.

[12] [12]
Oosterling, Henk. (1996). Time and Temporality in Intercultural Perspective, p. 96.

[13] [13]
Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Japan-Mexico Relations; retrieved 2011-12-5.

[t410-14] [14]
Titsingh, p. 410.

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