Ethiopia

Ethiopia has one of the longest known histories as a country in Africa. Ethiopia was one of the few countries in Africa that escaped the Scramble for Africa. It avoided being colonized until 1935, when it was invaded by the Italians under Benito Mussolini, who took over the country for a brief time. Ethiopia used to be called Abyssinia. The word "Ethiopia" is the combination of two words,"'''Eth'''" and "'''Yop'''". The word "'''Eth'''" was taken from the first king of Ethiopia named " '''Etheal'''" ('''meaning: Gift of God''') and "'''Yop'''" ('''meaning: Yellow Gold''') was the place where Etheal was appointed. And " '''ia'''" shows that Ethiopia is a country name. Generally, '''Ethiopia''' means " '''Gift of yellow gold for God'''". is the most populous landlocked country in the world. It lost its Red Sea ports when Eritrea gained independence in 1993.

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Name in national languages Ge'ez: ኢትዮጵያ Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ yeʾĪtiyoṗṗiya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk Oromo: Rippabliikii Federaalawaa Dimokraatawaa Itiyoophiyaa Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya Afar: ityoppiah federalih demokrasih ummuno Tigrinya: ናይኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ nayi'ītiyop'iya fēdēralawī dēmokirasīyawī rīpebilīki
Flag Emblem
Anthem:  ወደፊት ገስግሺ፣ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ (English: "March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia")
Capital and largest city	Addis Ababa 9°1′N 38°45′E
Official languages	Afar Amharic Oromo Somali Tigrinya English[1]
Regional languages[2]	Harari Sidama Languages of Ethiopia
Ethnic groups (2016[3])	Oromo 34.9% Amhara 27.9% Tigrayans 7.3% Sidama 4.1% Welayta 3% Gurage 2.8% Somali 2.7% Hadiya 2.2% Afar 0.6% Others 12.6%
Religion	62.8% Christianity —43.5% Ethiopian Orthodoxy —18.6% Pentay (Protestantism) —0.7% Catholicism 33.9% Islam 2.6% Traditional faiths 0.7% Others / None[4]
Demonym(s)	Ethiopian
Government	Ethnofederalist[5] parliamentary constitutional republic
• President	Taye Atske Selassie
• Prime Minister	Abiy Ahmed
• Deputy Prime Minister	Temesgen Tiruneh
• Speaker of the House of Peoples' Representatives	Tagesse Chafo
• Supreme Court Chief	Tewodros Mihret
Legislature	Federal Parliamentary Assembly
• Upper house	House of Federation
• Lower house	House of Peoples' Representatives
Formation of Ethiopia Predecessor States Dʿmt Sultanate of Aussa Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea Kingdom of Aksum Zagwe dynasty Medri Bahri Land of Punt Ethiopian Empire Kingdom of Shewa Sultanate of Showa Kingdom of Tankish Sharkha Kingdom of Qita'a Kingdom of Nagash Kingdom of Jarin Sultanate of Dawaro Kingdom of Bazin Template:Medieval Horn of Africa Sultanate of Dahlak Kingdom of Belgin Sultanate of Bale Sultanate of Arababni Sultanate of Ifat Sultanate of Harar Ajuran Sultanate Adal Sultanate Kingdom of Garo Kingdom of Kaffa Kingdom of Janjero Adulis
• Dʿmt	c. 980 BCE
• Kingdom of Aksum	c. 100 CE
• Zagwe Dynasty	900
• Ethiopian Empire	1137
• Occupied & Annexed into Italian East Africa	1936
• Sovereignty restored	1941
• Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia	1974
• People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia	1987
• Secession of Eritrea	1993
• Current constitution	August 21, 1995
Area
• Total	1,104,300[6] km2 (426,400 sq mi) (28th)
• Water (%)	0.7
Population
• 2021 estimate	120,283,026[7][8] (13th)
• 2007 census	73,750,932[9]
• Density	92.7/km2 (240.1/sq mi) (123rd)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$272 billion[10] (58th)
• Per capita	$2,772[10]
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$96 billion[10] (61st)
• Per capita	$974[10]
Gini (2011)	33.6[11] medium
HDI (2019)	0.485[12] low · 173rd
Currency	Birr (ETB)
Time zone	UTC+3 (EAT)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+251
ISO 3166 code	ET
Internet TLD	.et

History

The idea of an Ethiopian nation became important with the Kingdom of Aksum in the 4th century A.D.^[58] The Aksumite Kingdom was a mainly Christian state. At its biggest it controlled what is now the Ethiopian Highlands, Eritrea, and the coastal regions of Southern Arabia.^[58] The Aksumite Kingdom was responsible for the development of the religious movement that became the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.^[58] The expansion of Islam in the 7th century caused the decline of the Aksumite Kingdom. Most of the lowland populations converted to Islam, while the highland people remained Christian.^[58] Since the Aksumite people became divided between Christian highlands and Islamic lowlands, religious and tribal tensions and rivalries between the people intensified.^[58] The Aksumite society changed into a loose confederation of city-states that maintained traditions and languages influenced by Aksum.^[58]

Plain tricolour flag of Ethiopia without state symbolism on it, is the tradition flag of the Ethiopian People.

After the fall of Aksum due to declining sea trade from fierce competition by Muslims and changing climate, the power base of the kingdom moved south. The capital moved to Kubar (near Agew). The Axumite Kingdom welcomed and protected the companions of Prophet Muhammad in Ethiopia. They came as refugees to escape the persecution of the ruling families of Mecca and earned the friendship and respect of the Prophet. Their friendship deteriorated when South-Arabians invaded the Dahlak islands through the port of Adulis and destroyed it. That was the economic backbone for the prosperous Aksumite Kingdom. After a second golden age in the early 6th century^[59] the Aksumite empire began to decline in the mid 6th century,^[60] eventually ceasing its production of coins in the early 7th century. The Aksumite population was forced to go farther inland to the highlands for protection, abandoning Aksum as the capital. Arab writers of the time continued to describe Ethiopia (no longer referred to as Aksum) as an extensive and powerful state, though they had lost control of most of the coast and their tributaries. While land was lost in the north, it was gained in the south. Though Ethiopia was no longer an economic power, it still attracted Arab merchants. The capital was moved to a new location, currently unknown, though it may have been called Ku'bar or Jarmi.^[59]

Under the reign of Degna Djan, during the 10th century, the empire kept expanding south. It sent troops into the modern-day region of Kaffa,^[61] while at the same time undertaking missionary activity into Angot and Amhara.

Local history holds that, around 960, a Jewish Queen named Yodit (Judith) or "Gudit" defeated the empire and burned its churches and literature. While there is evidence of churches being burned and an invasion around this time, her existence has been questioned by some western authors. Another possibility is that the Aksumite power was ended by a southern pagan queen named Bani al-Hamwiyah, possibly of the tribe al-Damutah or Damoti of the Sidama people. It is clear from contemporary sources that a female usurper did rule the country at this time, and that her reign ended some time before 1003. After a short Dark Age, the Aksumite Empire was succeeded by the Agaw Zagwe dynasty in the 11th or 12th century (most likely around 1137), although limited in size and scope. However, Yekuno Amlak, who killed the last Zagwe king and founded the modern Solomonic dynasty around 1270 traced his ancestry and his right to rule from the last emperor of Aksum, Dil Na'od. The end of the Aksumite Empire didn't mean the end of Aksumite culture and traditions. The architecture of the Zagwe dynasty at Lalibela and Yemrehana Krestos Church shows heavy Aksumite influence.^[59]

Axum shifted its capital near Agew In the middle of the sixteenth century. Adal Sultanate armies led by Harar leader Ahmed Gragn invaded the Ethiopian Highlands in what is known as the "Conquest of Habasha".^[62] Following Gragn invasions the southern part of the Empire was lost to Ethiopia. Several groups like the Gurage people were cut off from the rest of Abyssinia. In the late sixteenth century the nomadic Oromo people penetrated the Abyssinian plains occupying large territories during the Oromo migrations.^[63][64] Abyssinian warlords often competed with each other. The Amharas seemed to gain the upper hand with the accession of Yekuno Amlak of Ancient Bete Amhara in 1270, after defeating the Agaw lords of Lasta.

The Gondarian dynasty, which since the 16th century had become the centre of Royal pomp and ceremony of Abyssinia, finally lost its influence as a result of the emergence of powerful regional lords, following the murder of Iyasu I, also known as Iyasu the Great. The decline in the prestige of the dynasty led to the semi-anarchic era of Zemene Mesafint ("Era of the Princes"), in which rival warlords fought for power. The Yejju Oromo enderases ("regents") had effective control. The emperors were considered to be figureheads. A young man named Kassa Haile Giorgis also known as Emperor Tewodros brought end to Zemene Mesafint by defeating all his rivals and took the throne in 1855. The Tigrayans made only a brief return to the throne in the person of Yohannes IV in 1872. His death in 1889 resulted in the power base shifting back to the dominant Amharic-speaking elite prior to Yejju Oromo and Tigrayan rule. His successor Menelik II an Emperor of Amhara origin seized power. League of Nations in 1935 reported that after the invasion of Menelik's forces into non Abyssinian-proper lands of Somalis, Harari, Southern Oromo, Sidama, Shanqella etc., the inhabitants were enslaved and heavily taxed by the gebbar-feudal system leading to depopulation.^[65]

Some scholars consider the Amhara to have been Ethiopia's ruling elite for centuries, represented by the Solomonic line of Emperors ending in Haile Selassie I. Marcos Lemma and other scholars argue that other ethnic groups have always been active in the country's politics. This confusion may largely stem from the mislabeling of all Amharic-speakers as "Amhara" even though they were from a different ethnic group, and the fact that many people from other ethnic groups have adopted Amharic names. Another is the claim that most Ethiopians can trace their ancestry to multiple ethnic groups, including the last self-proclaimed emperor Haile Selassie I and his Empress Itege Menen Asfaw of Ambassel having both Amhara and Oromo linage.^[66]

Oromo migrations, occurred with the movement of a large pastoral population from the southeastern provinces of the Empire. A contemporary account was recorded by the monk Abba Bahrey, from the Gamo region. The empire organization changed progressively, with faraway provinces taking more independence. A remote province such as Bale is last recorded paying tribute to the imperial throne during Yaqob reign (1590-1607).

By 1607, Oromos were also major players in the imperial politics, when Susenyos I, raised by a clan through gudifacha(or adoption), took power. He was helped by fellow Luba age-group generals Mecha, Yilma and Densa, who were rewarded by Rist feudal lands, in the present-day Gojjam districts of the same name.

The reign of Iyasu I the Great (1682-1706) was a major period of consolidation. It also saw the dispatching of embassies to Louis XIV's France and to Dutch India. During the reign of Iyasu II (1730-1755), the Empire was strong enough to undertake a war on the Sennar Sultanate, where the emperor leading its army to Sennar itself, was afterwards forced to retreat upon defeat along the Setit river. Iyasu II also conferred the dignity of Kantibai of the Habab (northern Eritrea) after homage by a new dynasty.

The Wallo and Yejju clans of the Oromo people rise to power culminated in 1755, when Emperor Iyoas I ascended to the imperial throne in Gondar. They would be one of the major factions contending for imperial power during the ensuing Zemene Mesafint, starting from 1769, when Mikael Sehul, Ras of Tigray killed Iyoas I and replaced him with Yohannes II.

The establishment of modern Ethiopia was led by the Shawan people (which included both Amharas and Oromos), particularly Amhara emperors Tewodros II of Gondar, who governed from 1855 to 1868. Yohannis IV, who was from Tigray governed from 1869 to 1889 and managed to expand his authority into Eritrea. Menelik II, governed from 1889 to 1913 and repelled the Italian invasion of 1896.^[58]

From 1874 to 1876, the Empire, under Yohannes IV, won the Ethiopian-Egyptian War, decisively beating the invading forces at the Battle of Gundet, in Hamasien province (in modern-day Eritrea). In 1887 Menelik king of Shewa invaded the Emirate of Harar after his victory at the Battle of Chelenqo.

Beginning in the 1890s, under the reign of the Emperor Menelik II, the empire's forces set off from the central province of Shoa to conquor inhabited lands to the west, east and south. The territories that were annexed included those of the Western Oromo (non-Shawan Oromo), Sidama, Gurage, Wolayta, and Dizi. Among the imperial troops was Ras Gobena's Shewan Oromo militia. Many of the lands that they annexed had never been under the empire's rule. The newly incorporated territories resulting in the modern borders of Ethiopia.

Ethiopia, unlike the rest of Africa, had never been colonized.^[58] Ethiopia was accepted as the first independent African-governed state at the League of Nations in 1922.^[58] Ethiopia was occupied by Italy after the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, but it was liberated by the Allies during World War II.^[58]

After the war, Ethiopia annexed Eritrea.^[67] However, ethnic tensions surged between the Amhara and the various ethnic groups of Eritrea, as well as Oromo, Somali, and Tigray peoples, in Ethiopia proper. They each formed separatist movements dedicated to leaving Ethiopia.^[67] After the overthrow of the Ethiopian monarchy by the Derg military junta, the country was aligned with the Soviet Union and Cuba after the United States failed to support it in its military struggle with Somali separatists in the Ogaden region.^[67] After the end of military government in Ethiopia in 1993, Eritrea separated from Ethiopia.^[67]

The Kingdom of Aksum, the first known kingdom of great power to rise in Ethiopia, rose during the first century AD. The Persian religious figure Mani listed Axum with Rome, Persia, and China as one of the four great powers of his time. It was in the early 4th century that a Syro-Greek castaway, Frumentius, was taken to the court and over time changed King Ezana to Christianity, making Christianity Ethiopia's religion. For this, he received the title "Abba Selama". At different times, including a time in the 6th century, Axum ruled most of modern-day Yemen just across the Red Sea.

The line of rulers of the actual Axumite kings ended around 950 AD when they were overthrown by the Jewish Queen Gudit;^[68] then it was followed by the Zagwe dynasty for around 300 years. Around 1270 AD, the Solomonid dynasty came to control Ethiopia, claiming that they were related to the kings of Axum ( they were southern Ethiopia people, from Shewa). They called themselves Neguse Negest ("King of Kings," or Emperor), basing their claims on their direct relation to king Solomon and the queen of Sheba.^[69]

During the rule of Emperor Lebna Dengel, Ethiopia made its first good contact with a European country, Portugal in 1520. When the Empire was attacked by Somali General and Imam, Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi, Portugal responded to Lebna Dengel's request for help with 400 musketeers, helping his son Gelawdewos beat al-Ghazi and remake his rule. Jesuit missionaries over time offended the Orthodox faith of the local Ethiopians, and in the mid-17th century Emperor Fasilidos got rid of these missionaries. Oromo people began to question the Ethiopian Christian authorities in the Abyssinian territories, and wanted to keep their own religion.

All of this led to Ethiopia's isolation during the 1700s. The Emperors became figureheads, controlled by warlords like Ras Mikael Sehul of Tigray. Ethiopian isolationism ended following a British mission that made friendship between the two nations. It was not until the reign of Tewodros II that Ethiopia began to take part in world matters once again.

In 1896 Italy was decisively defeated in the battle of Adwa by Emperor Menelik; an Amhara Emperor from the province of Shewa. This battle dispelled the notion that Europeans were superior and could not be defeated by a black army. It gave rise to the Pan African movement, and hope to other African countries who were conquered. This victory made Ethiopia the only African country to successfully repel a European power during the Scramble of Africa. In 1936 Italy again attacked, and succeeded in occupying Ethiopia until 1941. With British help the 5 year occupation ended and Emperor Haile Selassie regained the throne.

Revolutionaries overthrew and killed the emperor in 1974. The resulting civil war lasted until 1991. Eritrea became independent and later fought the Eritrean–Ethiopian War.

Ethiopians

Ethiopians constitute several component ethnic groups, many of which are closely related to ethnic groups in neighboring Eritrea and other parts of the Horn of Africa.

Ethiopia's population is highly diverse with different languages and ethnic groups. Most of its people speak a Semitic or Cushitic language which are both part of the Afroasiatic language family, while others speak Nilo-Saharan languages. The Oromo, Amhara, Somali and Tigrayans make up more than three-quarters of the population, but there are more than 80 different ethnic groups within Ethiopia. Some of these have as few as 10,000 members.

Component Ethnicities

Ethiopians

Total population
Regions with significant populations
Ethiopia
Saudi Arabia	750,000 (Ethiopian-born)[70]
United States	460,000[71]
UAE	200,000[72]
Israel	155,300[73]
United Kingdom	90,000[74]
Sudan	73,000 refugees[75]
South Africa	44,891 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Canada	44,065[77]
Kenya	36,889 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Lebanon	30,000[71]
Sweden	23,363[78]
Germany	20,465[79]
Australia	19,349[80][81]
South Sudan	12,786 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Norway	12,380[82]
Djibouti	12,323 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Netherlands	9,451 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
France	8,675 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Italy	6,424 (Ethiopian-born)[83]
Yemen	5,740 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Switzerland	5,211 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Spain	3,713 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Kuwait	3,595 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Greece	2,420 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Finland	2,366 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Denmark	2,136 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Somalia	2,079 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Libya	1,831 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Qatar	1,667 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Egypt	1,457 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Austria	1,276 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
New Zealand	1,187 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Belgium	1,143 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Uganda	1,070 (Ethiopian-born)[76]
Languages
Amharic, Oromo, Somali, Tigrinya, Wolaytta, Gurage, Sidamo and other Languages of Ethiopia
Religion
Christian 60.9% - Predominantly Oriental Orthodox (Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church), Muslim 35.6%, Traditional 2.6%. Jewish 1%[84]
Related ethnic groups
Eritreans, Djiboutians, Somalis, other Horn Africans, and other Afro-Asiatic and Nilo-Saharan populations.

• 
  Amhara people
• 
  Tigrayans
• 
  Oromo people
• 
  People in Harar

Major ethnic groups

• Oromo 34.9%
• Amhara 27.9%
• Tigrayan 7.3%
• Sidama 4.1%
• Gurage 2.8%
• Welayta 3%
• Somali 2.7%
• Hadiya 2.2%
• Afar 0.6%
• Other ethnic groups 12.6%^[85]

Ethnic group	Language family	Census (1994) [86]		Census (2007) [87]
		Number	%	Number	%
Aari	Omotic	155,002	0.29	290,453	0.29
Afar	Afro-Asiatic	979,367	1.84	1,276,374	1.73
Agaw-Awi	Afro-Asiatic	397,491	0.75	631,565	0.85
Agaw-Hamyra	Afro-Asiatic	158,231	0.30	267,851	0.36
Alaba	Afro-Asiatic	125,900	0.24	233,299	0.32
Amhara	Afro-Asiatic	16,007,933	30.13	19,870,651	26.89
Anuak	Nilotic	45,665	0.09	85,909	0.12
Arbore	Afro-Asiatic	6,559	0.01	6,840	0.01
Argobba	Afro-Asiatic	62,831	0.12	140,134	0.19
Bacha	Nilo-Saharan			2,632	< 0.01
Basketo	Omotic	51,097	0.10	78,284	0.11
Bench	Omotic	173,123	0.33	353,526	0.48
Berta	Nilo-Saharan			183,259	0.25
Bodi	Nilo-Saharan	4,686	0.01	6,994	0.01
Brayle	????			5,002	0.01
Burji	Afro-Asiatic	46,565	0.09	71,871	0.10
Bena	????			27,022	0.04
Beta Israel	Afro-Asiatic	2,321	<0.01
Chara	Omotic	6,984	0.01	13,210	0.02
Daasanach	Afro-Asiatic	32,099	0.06	48,067	0.07
Dawro	Omotic	331,483	0.62	543,148	0.74
Debase/ Gawwada	Afro-Asiatic	33,971	0.06	68,600	0.09
Dirashe	Afro-Asiatic			30,081	0.04
Dime	Omotic	6,197	0.01	891	<0.01
Dizi	Omotic	21,894	0.04	36,380	0.05
Donga	Afro-Asiatic			35,166	0.05
Fedashe	????	7,323,	0.01	3,448	< 0.01
Gamo	Omotic	719,847	1.35	1,107,163	1.50
Gebato	????	75	<0.01	1,502	< 0.01
Gedeo	Afro-Asiatic	639,905	1.20	986,977	1.34
Gedicho	????			5,483	0.01
Gidole	Afro-Asiatic	54,354	0.10	41,100	0.06
Goffa	Omotic	241,530	0.45	363,009	0.49
Gumuz	Nilo-Saharan	121,487	0.23	159,418	0.22
Gurage	Afro-Asiatic	2,290,274	4.31	1,867,377	2.53
Silt'e	Afro-Asiatic			940,766	1.27
Hadiya	Afro-Asiatic	927,933	1.75	1,284,373	1.74
Hamar	Omotic	42,466	0.08	46,532	0.06
Harari	Afro-Asiatic	21,757	0.04	31,869	0.04
Irob	Afro-Asiatic			33,372	0.05
Kafficho	Omotic	599,188	1.13	870,213	1.18
Kambaata	Afro-Asiatic	499,825	0.94	630,236	0.85
Konta	Omotic			83,607	0.11
Komo	Nilo-Saharan	1,526	<0.01	7,795	0.01
Konso	Afro-Asiatic	153,419	0.29	250,430	0.34
Koore	Omotic	107,595	0.20	156,983	0.21
Kontoma	Afro-Asiatic		0.4	48,543	0.05
Kunama	Nilo-Saharan	2,007	<0.01	4,860	0.01
Karo	Omotic			1,464	< 0.01
Kusumie	????			7,470	0.01
Kwegu	Nilo-Saharan			4,407	0.01
Male	Omotic	46,458	0.09	98,114	0.13
Mao	Omotic	16,236	0.03	43,535	0.06
Mareqo	Afro-Asiatic[88]	38,096	0.07	64,381	0.09
Mashola	Afro-Asiatic			10,458	0.01
Mere people	????			14,298	0.02
Me'en	Nilo-Saharan	52,815	0.10	151,489	0.20
Messengo	????	15,341	0.03	10,964	0.01
Majangir	Nilo-Saharan			21,959	0.03
Mossiye	Afro-Asiatic	9,207	0.02	19,698	0.03
Murle	Nilo-Saharan			1,469	< 0.01
Mursi	Nilo-Saharan	3,258	0.01	7,500	0.01
Nao	Omotic	4,005	0.01	9,829	0.01
Nuer	Nilotic	64,534	0.12	147,672	0.20
Nyangatom	Nilotic	14,201	0.03	25,252	0.03
Oromo	Afro-Asiatic	21,080,318	32.15	25,489,024	34.49
Oyda	Omotic	14,075	0.03	45,149	0.06
Qebena	Afro-Asiatic[89]	35,072	0.07	52,712	0.07
Qechem	????	2,740	0.01	2,585	< 0.01
Qewama	????	141	<0.01	298	< 0.01
She	Omotic	13,290	0.03	320	< 0.01
Shekecho	Omotic	53,897	0.10	77,678	0.11
Sheko	Omotic	23,785	0.04	37,573	0.05
Shinasha	Omotic	32,698	0.06	52,637	0.07
Shita/Upo	Nilo-Saharan	307	<0.01	1,602	< 0.01
Sidama	Afro-Asiatic	1,842,314	3.47	2,966,474	4.01
Somali	Afro-Asiatic	6,785,266	6.18	4,581,794	6.21
Surma	Nilo-Saharan	19,632	0.04	27,886	0.04
Tigrinya[90]	Afro-Asiatic	3,284,568	6.18	4,483,892	6.07
Tembaro	????	86,510	0.16	98,621	0.13
Tsamai	Afro-Asiatic	9,702	0.02	20,046	0.03
Welayta	Omotic	1,269,216	2.39	1,707,079	2.31
Werji	Afro-Asiatic	20,536	0.04	13,232	0.02
Yem	Omotic	165,184	0.31	160,447	0.22
Zeyese	Omotic	10,842	0.02	17,884	0.02
Zelmam	Nilo-Saharan			2,704	< 0.01
Other/unknown		155,972	0.29	178,799	0.24
Somalian (Somalis of Somalia)				200,227	0.9
Sudanese		2,035	<0.01	10,333	0.01
Eritrean (Ethiopian people of Eritrean descent)		61,857	0.12	9,736	0.01
Kenyan		134	<0.01	737	<0.01
Djiboutian		367	<0.01	733	<0.01
Other foreigners				15,550	0.02
Total		53,132,276		73,750,932

Ethiopian diaspora

• Ethiopian Americans
• Ethiopian Australians
• Ethiopian Canadians
• Ethiopian Jews in Israel
• Ethiopians in Italy
• Ethiopians in the United Kingdom
• Ethiopians in Denmark
• Ethiopians in Norway
• Ethiopians in Sweden
• Eritreans
• Habesha peoples
  • Eritrean people of Ethiopian descent
  • Ethiopian people of Eritrean descent

Regions, zones, and districts

Before 1996, Ethiopia was divided into 13 provinces. Ethiopia now has ethnically based regional states, zones, districts, and neighborhoods.

There are nine regions, sixty-eight zones and two chartered cities. Ethiopia is further divided into 550 woredas and several special woredas.

The nine regions and two chartered cities (in italics) are:

Addis Ababa

Afar

Amhara

Benishangul-Gumuz

Dire Dawa

Gambela

Harari

Oromia

Somali

Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region

Tigray

Economy

Coffee sorting in Awasa

Coffee production is a longstanding tradition in Ethiopia.

Related pages

• Ethiopia at the Olympics
• Ethiopia national football team
• List of rivers of Ethiopia
• Ashenda

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