abnormal exit of tissue or an organ through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A hernia is a medical condition. If an organ or its tissue moves from its normal position through to another position, it is called a hernia.
| Hernia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Diagram of an indirect inguinal hernia (view from the side) | |
| Medical specialty | General surgery |
| Symptoms | Pain especially with coughing, bulging area[1] |
| Complications | Bowel strangulation[1] |
| Usual onset | < 1 year and > 50 years old (groin hernias)[2] |
| Risk factors | Smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, pregnancy, peritoneal dialysis, collagen vascular disease, connective tissue disease[1][2][3] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, medical imaging[1] |
| Treatment | Observation, surgery[1] |
| Frequency | 18.5 million (2015)[4] |
| Deaths | 59,800 (2015)[5] |
There are various types of hernia. Most hernias happen in the abdomen. Hernias sometimes give pain and/or a lump that can be felt or seen.
The cause can be hereditary or it can be from lifting objects, especially lifting ones that are too heavy, or if it is done in a wrong way. There are other things that can give hernias. Hernias, especially if small or mild, can be treated with medicine. But it will not go away from this treatment, although it will relieve symptoms.
Laparoscopic, or minimally invasive, procedures use several small incisions to access the hernia no more than 1 centimeter in length. The abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide to provide space for the surgeon to work, and the hernia is repaired with a small, flexible instrument called a laparoscope.[8]
This is an open-cut surgery that is performed in the area of the hernia. In this procedure, the protruding tissues are set back, and the weak muscles are stitched up neatly. Also, these are times when a type of mesh will be inserted over the area to provide additional support.[9]
Abdominal wall reconstruction repairs defects in the abdominal walls while reducing abdominal tension and providing structural support. This may require a component separation so that the muscular sides of the hernia gap can be brought together again.
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