Great Wall

For the structure in China, see Great Wall of China.

The Great Walls are the largest known structures in the universe. They are based on data set mapping of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The mapping found an unusually high concentration of similarly distanced GRBs in certain areas.^[1][2]

Structures larger than 1,200,000,000 light years are incompatible with the cosmological principle according to all estimates.

List of the largest cosmic structures

Structure name (year discovered)	Maximum dimension (in light years)	Notes
Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall (2014)[3]	10,000,000,000[1][2][4]	Discovered through gamma-ray burst mapping, and is the first structure to exceed 10 billion light years.
Giant GRB Ring (2015)[5]	5,600,000,000[5]	Discovered through gamma-ray burst mapping. Largest known regular formation in the observable Universe.[5]
Huge-LQG (2012-2013)	4,000,000,000[6][7][8]	Decoupling of 73 quasars. Largest known large quasar group and the first structure found to exceed 3 billion light years.
U1.11 LQG (2011)	2,500,000,000	Involves 38 quasars. Adjacent to the Clowes-Campusano LQG.
Clowes-Campusano LQG (1991)	2,000,000,000	Grouping of 34 quasars. Discovered by Roger Clowes and Luis Campusano.
Sloan Great Wall (2003)	1,370,000,000	Discovered through the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
Pisces-Cetus Supercluster Complex (1987)	1,000,000,000	Contains the Milky Way, and is the first galaxy filament to be discovered. (The first LQG was found earlier in 1982.) A new report in 2014 confirms the Milky Way as a member of Laniakea Supercluster.
CfA2 Great Wall (1989)	750,000,000	Also known as the Coma Wall
Laniakea Supercluster (2014)	520,000,000	Galaxy supercluster in which the Earth is located
Horologium Supercluster (2005)	550,000,000	Also known as Horologium-Reticulum Supercluster.

References

1. Horvath, Istvan; Hakkila, Jon; Bagoly, Zsolt (2014). "Possible structure in the GRB sky distribution at redshift two". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 561: id.L12. arXiv:1401.0533. Bibcode:2014A&A...561L..12H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323020. S2CID 24224684. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
2. Horvath I.; Hakkila J. & Bagoly Z. (2013). "The largest structure of the Universe, defined by Gamma-Ray bursts". 7th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium, GRB 2013: Paper 33 in EConf Proceedings C1304143. 1311: 1104. arXiv:1311.1104. Bibcode:2013arXiv1311.1104H.
3. Horvath, Istvan; Bagoly, Zsolt; Hakkila, Jon; Tóth, L. Viktor (2015). "Anomalies in the GRB spatial distribution". Proceedings of Science. arXiv:1507.05528v1.
4. Klotz, Irene (2013). "Universe's largest structure is a cosmic conundrum". discovery. Archived from the original on 2016-05-16. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
5. Balazs L.G.; et al. (2015). "A giant ring-like structure at 0.78 < z < 0.86 displayed by GRBs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 452 (3): 2236–2246. arXiv:1507.00675. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.452.2236B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1421. Retrieved 5 August 2015.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
6. Aron, Jacob. "Largest structure challenges Einstein's smooth cosmos". New Scientist. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
7. "Astronomers discover the largest structure in the universe". Royal astronomical society. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
8. Clowes, Roger; et al. (2013). "A structure in the early Universe at z ∼ 1.3 that exceeds the homogeneity scale of the R-W concordance cosmology". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1211 (4): 2910–2916. arXiv:1211.6256. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.429.2910C. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts497. Retrieved 14 January 2013.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)