French First Republic

The French First Republic was formed on 22 September 1792, by the newly made National Convention. The First Republic lasted until the First French Empire in 1804 under Napoleon I. This time is characterized by the fall of the monarchy, the making of the National Convention and the infamous Reign of Terror, the founding of the Directory and the Thermidorian Reaction, and finally, the making of the Consulate and Napoleon’s rise to power.

French Republic République française
1792–1804
Top: Flag (1790-1794) Bottom: Flag (from 1794) Coat of arms
Motto: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité ou la Mort Liberty, Equality, Fraternity or Death
Anthem: "La Marseillaise"[1] (1795-1799)
The French First Republic in 1799
French departments in 1801
Capital	Paris
Common languages	French (official) Occitan, German, Dutch, Breton, Basque
Religion	Constitutional Church (21 September 1792 – 18 September 1794) Cult of Reason (October 1793 – March 1794) Cult of the Supreme Being (7 May 1794 – 28 July 1794) Secular state (21 February 1795 – ?) Culte décadaire (3 February 1798 – ?) Roman Catholicism, Calvinism, Lutheranism, Judaism (15 July 1801 – 18 May 1804)
Demonym(s)	French
Government	1792–1795 Authoritarian directorial republic 1795–1799 Oligarchical directorial republic 1799–1804 autocratic republic
President of the National Convention
• 1792	Philippe Rühl (first)
• 1795	Jean Joseph Victor Génissieu (last)
President of the Directory
• 1795–1799	By rotation: 3 months duration
First Consul
• 1799–1804	Napoléon Bonaparte
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Council of Ancients (1795–1799)
• Lower house	National Convention (1792–1795) Council of Five Hundred (1795–1799)
Historical era	French Revolutionary Wars
• Storming of the Bastille and French Revolution	14 July 1789
• Overthrow of Louis XVI	21 September 1792
• Committee of Public Safety and Reign of Terror	5 September 1793 to 28 July 1794
• (First) Abolition of slavery	4 February 1794
• Thermidorean Reaction	24 July 1794
• Coup of 18 Brumaire	9 November 1799
• Napoleon Bonaparte is proclaimed emperor by the Senate	18 May 1804
Currency	livre (to 1794), franc, assignat
Preceded by Succeeded by Kingdom of France Anglo-Corsican Kingdom Austrian Netherlands First French Empire Anglo-Corsican Kingdom

References

1. Mould, Michael (2011). The Routledge Dictionary of Cultural References in Modern French. New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 147. ISBN 978-1-136-82573-6. Retrieved 23 November 2011.

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