Duodecimal

The duodecimal system (also known as base-12 or dozenal) is the number system with a base of twelve. In the duodecimal system, large numbers are expressed by groups of 12. For example, the number fifty (which we usually write as 50) would be written as 42 in the duodecimal system, since it is equal to 4×12+2.

The number 12 is the smallest number that has four factors (2, 3, 4, 6). If one divides the numbers 10 and 12 with 3, the results will be 3.333... and 4, respectively. Doing the same thing with 6, the results will be 1.666... and 2. So, the duodecimal system can control the fractions better than the decimal system.

How to represent 10 and 11 in duodecimal

There are no numerical symbols that represent 10 and 11 in duodecimal, so letters taken from the English alphabet are used, specifically X (from the Roman numeral for ten) and E (from the initial of eleven). Some people use A and B (as ann and bet) as well.^[1]

Edna Kramer in her 1951 book The Main Stream of Mathematics used * and # for 10 and 11. The symbols were chosen because they are available in typewriters and push-button telephones.^[1]

This article uses ↊ (dec) and ↋ (elf) for 10 and 11.

Duodecimal values

Decimal	Duodecimal
0	0
1	1
2	2
3	3
4	4
5	5
6	6
7	7
8	8
9	9
10	↊
11	↋
12	10
13	11
23	1↋
24	20
25	21
50	42
60	50
100	84
140	↋8
500	358
720	500
1000	6↋4
1727	↋↋↋
1728	1000

fraction (decimal)	Decimal	duodecimal
1/2	0.5	0;6
1/3	0.3	0;4
2/3	0.6	0;8
1/4	0.25	0;3
1/5	0.2	0;2497
1/6	0.16	0;2
1/7	0.142857	0;186↊35
1/8	0.125	0;16
1/9	0.1	0;14
1/10	0.1	0;12497
1/11	0.09	0;1
1/12	0.083	0;1
1/13	0.0769230	0;0↋
1/24	0.0416	0;06
1/144	0.00694	0;01

References

1. De Vlieger, Michael (2010). "Symbology Overview" (PDF). The Duodecimal Bulletin. 4X [58] (2).