dwarf planet in the Solar System and largest asteroid of the main asteroid belt From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ceres, also known as 1 Ceres (symbol: .svg){kind=small}
),[12] is the smallest dwarf planet in the Solar System and the only one in the main asteroid belt.
.jpg) Ceres, photographed by the Dawn mission | |||||||||
| Discovery | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discovered by | Giuseppe Piazzi | ||||||||
| Discovery date | January 1, 1801 | ||||||||
| Designations | |||||||||
| MPC designation | 1 Ceres | ||||||||
| A899 OF; 1943 XB | |||||||||
| dwarf planet main belt | |||||||||
| Orbital characteristics | |||||||||
| Epoch November 26, 2005 (JD 2453700.5)[1] | |||||||||
| Aphelion | 447,838,164 km 2.987 AU | ||||||||
| Perihelion | 381,419,582 km 2.544 AU | ||||||||
| 414,703,838 km 2.765 956 424 AU[2] | |||||||||
| Eccentricity | 0.07976017[2] | ||||||||
| 1679.819 days 4.599 years | |||||||||
Average orbital speed | 17.882 km/s | ||||||||
| 108.509° | |||||||||
| Inclination | 10.586712°[2] | ||||||||
| 80.40696°[2] | |||||||||
| 73.15073°[2] | |||||||||
| Physical characteristics | |||||||||
Mean radius | 473 km[3] | ||||||||
| Flattening | 0.067 ± 0.005 | ||||||||
| Mass | 9.46 ± 0.04×1020 kg[4][5] | ||||||||
Mean density | 2.08 g/cm3[6] | ||||||||
Equatorial surface gravity | 0.27 m/s² 0.028 g | ||||||||
Equatorial escape velocity | 0.51 km/s | ||||||||
Sidereal rotation period | 0.3781 d 9.074 h[7] | ||||||||
| 0.113 (geometric)[8] | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| G[10] | |||||||||
| 6.7 to 9.32 | |||||||||
| 3.34[8] | |||||||||
| 0.84"[11] to 0.33" | |||||||||
It was discovered on 1 January 1801, by Giuseppe Piazzi,[13] and is named after the Roman goddess Ceres, as the goddess of growing plants, the harvest, and motherly love. After about 200 years from its discovery, the International Astronomical Union decided to upgrade Ceres from an asteroid (or minor planet) to dwarf planetary status in 2006.
With a diameter of about 950 km, Ceres is by far the largest and most massive object in the asteroid belt, and has about a third of the belt's total mass. It was once thought to be smaller than Vesta, which is brighter. The asteroid is spherical, unlike the irregular shapes of smaller bodies with lower gravity. At its brightest it is still too dim to be seen with the naked eye.[14] Ceres is located at 2.8 AU (257 million miles) from the Sun, which makes it the closest dwarf planet to the Sun. It is also the only dwarf planet in the Solar System that has no moons.
On September 27, 2007, NASA launched the Dawn space probe to explore Ceres and Vesta. In 2015, Dawn became the first spacecraft to visit a dwarf planet, arriving at Ceres a few months before NASA's New Horizons spacecraft visited Pluto, another dwarf planet.
Ceres has an unusual crater, Occator which contains bright salts.
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