1564 (MDLXIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday in the proleptic Gregorian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 15th century – 16th century – 17th century |
| Decades: | 1530s 1540s 1550s – 1560s – 1570s 1580s 1590s |
| Years: | 1561 1562 1563 – 1564 – 1565 1566 1567 |
| Gregorian calendar | 1564 MDLXIV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2317 |
| Armenian calendar | 1013 ԹՎ ՌԺԳ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6314 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1485–1486 |
| Bengali calendar | 971 |
| Berber calendar | 2514 |
| English Regnal year | 6 Eliz. 1 – 7 Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2108 |
| Burmese calendar | 926 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7072–7073 |
| Chinese calendar | 癸亥年 (Water Pig) 4260 or 4200 — to — 甲子年 (Wood Rat) 4261 or 4201 |
| Coptic calendar | 1280–1281 |
| Discordian calendar | 2730 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1556–1557 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5324–5325 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1620–1621 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1485–1486 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4664–4665 |
| Holocene calendar | 11564 |
| Igbo calendar | 564–565 |
| Iranian calendar | 942–943 |
| Islamic calendar | 971–972 |
| Japanese calendar | Eiroku 7 (永禄７年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1483–1484 |
| Julian calendar | 1564 MDLXIV |
| Korean calendar | 3897 |
| Minguo calendar | 348 before ROC 民前348年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 96 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2106–2107 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴水猪年 (female Water-Pig) 1690 or 1309 or 537 — to — 阳木鼠年 (male Wood-Rat) 1691 or 1310 or 538 |
- March 8 – Naples bans kissing in public under the penalty of death
- June 22 – Fort Caroline, the first French attempt at colonizing the New World
- September 10 – The Battle of Kawanakajima
- Ottoman Turks invade Malta
- Modern pencil becomes common in England
- Conquistadors crossed the Pacific
- Spanish found a colony in the Philippines
- March 18 – Michelangelo (Michelangelo Buonarroti)
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