Turkey
country straddling Southeast Europe and West Asia / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Turkey,[lower-alpha 1] officially the Republic of Turkey,[lower-alpha 2] is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with the Black Sea to the north; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. It also shares a maritime border with Cyprus to the south.
Republic of Türkiye Türkiye Cumhuriyeti | |
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Anthem: İstiklâl Marşı (Turkish) "The Independence March" | |
Capital | Ankara |
Largest city | Istanbul |
Official languages | Turkish[1] |
Recognized languages | Greek, Armenian, Ladino[2] |
Spoken languages[3] | |
Ethnic groups (2016)[4] | |
Religion (2019)[5] |
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Demonym(s) |
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Government | Unitary presidential republic |
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | |
Cevdet Yılmaz | |
Numan Kurtulmuş | |
Legislature | Grand National Assembly |
Establishment | |
Area | |
• Total | 783,356 km2 (302,455 sq mi) (36th) |
• Water (%) | 2.03 (as of 2015)[6] |
Population | |
• 31 December 2020 estimate | 83,614,362[7] (18th) |
• Density | 109[7]/km2 (282.3/sq mi) (107th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $3.0 trillion[8] (11th) |
• Per capita | $35,624[8] (68th) |
GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $845 billion[8] (20th) |
• Per capita | $9,864[8] (89th) |
Gini (2019) | 41.9[9] medium |
HDI (2021) | 0.838[10] very high · 48th |
Currency | Turkish lira ₺ (TRY) |
Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
Date format | dd.mm.yyyy |
Mains electricity | 230 V–50 Hz |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +90 |
ISO 3166 code | TR |
Internet TLD | .tr |
Website Web Portal of Turkey |
Turkey is a republic. There are 81 provinces in Turkey. The money of Turkey is called the Turkish Lira. The capital city is Ankara, a city in the central region, called Anatolia. The cultural and economic centre is in the European side of Istanbul. In the past Istanbul was called Constantinople. The republic was founded in 1923, after World War I and a war of independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı). Before that, Turkey was the core of the Ottoman Empire.
Many civilisations were in the area that is now Turkey, like the Hittites, the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire. Many important events in the history of Christianity happened in places that are now in Turkey. Because it lies in both Europe and Asia, some people see Turkey as the "door" between them.
Modern Turkey's varied climate lets many kinds of food crops grow, and livestock and forestry are important industries. Turkey makes enough food to feed itself. Turkish manufactures include aeroplanes, electronics, cars, clothing and textiles for home and for other countries.
Turkey is a popular place for tourists to visit. It has hundreds of kilometres of beaches on its Aegean and Mediterranean coasts, and many important historical places.