Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

"Soviet Russia" redirects here. For the former socialist nation as a whole, see Soviet Union. For other uses, see Soviet Russia (disambiguation).

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, romanized: Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə sɐˈvʲetskəjə fʲɪdʲɪrɐˈtʲivnəjə sətsɨəlʲɪˈsʲtʲitɕɪskəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə] (listen)), also known as the Russian Soviet Republic^[9] and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic,^[10] as well as being unofficially referred to as Soviet Russia,^[11] the Russian Federation,^[12] or simply Russia, was an independent socialist state from 1917 to 1922. Afterwards it was the largest and most populous socialist republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991. When the Soviet Union collapsed, the Russian SFSR became the Russian Federation.^[13]

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika[1]
1917–1991
Top: Flag (1918–1925) Bottom: Flag (1954–1991) Top: Emblem (1918–1920) Bottom: Emblem (1978–1991)
Motto: Workers of the world, unite! Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'! (tr.)
Anthem:  "Worker's Marseillaise" (1917–1918) "The Internationale" (1918–1944) "State Anthem of the Soviet Union" (1944–1990) "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya" (1990–1991)
The Russian SFSR (red) within the Soviet Union (red and white) between 1956 and 1991
Status	1917–1922: Sovereign state 1922–1991: Union Republic of the Soviet Union 1990–1991: Union Republic of the Soviet Union with priority of republican legislation
Capital	Petrograd (1917–1918) Moscow (1918–1991)[2]
Largest city	Moscow
Official languages	Russianb
Recognised languages	See Languages of Russia
Religion	Secular state (de jure) State atheism (de facto) Russian Orthodoxy (majority)
Demonym(s)	Russian
Government	1917–1921: Federal parliamentary socialist soviet directorial republic[3] 1921–1990: Federal Marxist–Leninist one-party parliamentary socialist soviet directorial republic[4] 1990–1991: Federal multi-party parliamentary republic July–December 1991: Federal multi-party semi-presidential republic[5]
Head of state
• 1917 (first)	Lev Kamenevc
• 1990–1991 (last)	Boris Yeltsind
Head of government
• 1917–1924 (first)	Vladimir Lenine
• 1990–1991	Ivan Silayevf
• 1991 (last)	Boris Yeltsing
Legislature	1917–1938: VTsIK/Congress of Soviets 1938–1990: Supreme Soviet 1990–1991: Congress of People's Deputies
Historical era	World War I Interwar period World War II Cold War
• October Revolution	7 November 1917
• Russian Civil War	1917–1923
• Soviet republic proclaimed	25 January 1918
• USSR formed	30 December 1922
• Crimea transferred to Ukrainian SSR	19 February 1954
• State sovereignty	12 June 1990
• Belovezh Accords	12 December 1991
• Russian SFSR renamed into the Russian Federation	25 December 1991
• Dissolution of the Soviet Union	26 December 1991
• End of the Soviet political system	25 December 1993
Area
1956[source?]	17,125,200 km2 (6,612,100 sq mi)
Population
• 1989[source?]	147,386,000
Currency	Soviet ruble (Rbl)h (SUR)
Time zone	(UTC +2 to +12)
Calling code	+7
ISO 3166 code	RU
Internet TLD	.su
Preceded by Succeeded by 1918: Russian Republic 1920: Russian State 1922: Far Eastern Republic 1923: Priamurye Government 1940: Finland (portion) 1944: Tuva 1945: Germany (portion) Japan (portion) 1956: Karelo-Finnish SSR 1918: Ukrainian People's Republic (portion) Estonia (portion) Belarusian People's Republic (portion) Latvia (portion) 1922: Soviet Union 1924: Uzbek SSR (portion) 1925: Turkmen SSR 1926: Byelorussian SSR (portion) 1936: Kazakh SSR 1940: Karelo-Finnish SSR 1991: China (portion) Russian Federation
Remained the national anthem of Russia until 2000. Official language in the courts from 1937.[6] As Chairman of the VTsIK (All-Russian Central Executive Committee). As chairman the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR from 29 May 1990 to 10 July 1991, then as President. As Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR As Chairmen of the Council of Ministers – Government of the Russian SFSR Served as acting head of government while President of Russia Between 1917 and 1919 the Imperial ruble lost all of its value due to overprinting. It would be replaced that same year by the new Soviet ruble.[7]
Seven Hero City awards The Russian Democratic Federative Republic existed briefly on 19 January 1918, but actual sovereignty was still in the hands of the Soviets even after the Russian Constituent Assembly opened its first and last session in 1918.[8]

References

1. Historical names:

   • 1918: Russian Soviet Republic (Российская Советская Республика; Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Respublika)
   • 1918–1936: Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Российская Социалистическая Федеративная Советская Республика; Rossiyskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Federativnaya Sovetskaya Respublika)
   • 1936–1991: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика; Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika)
2. Arthur Ransome (16 March 1918). "Lenine's Migration A Queer Scene". Archived 16 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine. The New York Times.
3. After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks, the Left SRs, and the Menshevik-Internationalists formed a Socialist coalition government that lasted until March 1918 (Historical Dictionary of the Russian Revolution. J. Davis. p. 58); the Mensheviks were allowed to legally hold a congress in 1920 and continued to be elected to the Congress of Soviets until being outlawed in 1921 (Lenin's Legacy. R. Wesson, 1978).
4. Historical Dictionary of Socialism. James C. Docherty, Peter Lamb. Page 85. "The Soviet Union was a one-party Marxist-Leninist state."
5. "Law of the USSR of 14 March 1990 N 1360-I 'On the establishment of the office of the President of the USSR and the making of changes and additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR'". Garant.ru. Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
6. article 114 of the 1937 Constitution, article 171 of the 1978 Constitution
7. R. W. Davies; Mark Harrison; S. G. Wheatcroft (9 December 1993). The Economic Transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913–1945. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-521-45770-5.
8. Riasanovsky, Nicholas (2000). A History of Russia (sixth ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 458. ISBN 0-19-512179-1.
10. Besier, Gerhard; Stokłosa, Katarzyna (2014). European Dictatorships: A Comparative History of the Twentieth Century. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 67. ISBN 9781443855211.
11. Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people (original VTsIK variant Archived 7 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, III Congress revision), article I.
12. Colloquially referred to as such for short in intra-Soviet politics (along with the adjacent "Transcaucasian Federation" in the south until 1936). See for example, the log of the meeting of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on 19 February 1954 Archived 12 September 2012 at Archive.today. The Russian SFSR officially renamed into the Russian Federation on Christmas Day, 25 December 1991.
13. The Free Dictionary Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic Archived 13 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved on 22 June 2011.