President of Haiti

The President of the Republic of Haiti (French: Président de la République d'Haïti, Haitian Creole: Prezidan peyi Repiblik Ayiti) is the head of state of Haiti. They serve as the executive power in Haiti. The power is divided between the president and the government headed by the Prime Minister of Haiti. The current acting President is Edgard Leblanc Fils .

President of the Republic of Haiti French: Président de la République d'Haïti Haitian Creole: Prezidan Repiblik Ayiti
Presidential standard
Incumbent Edgard Leblanc Fils since 30 April 2024
Style	His Excellency[1]
Type	Head of state
Member of	Council of Ministers
Residence	Palais National
Seat	Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Term length	Five years Renewable once non-consecutively
Precursor	Emperor of Haiti
Formation	17 February 1807 (1807-02-17)
First holder	Alexandre Pétion
Succession	Prime Minister
Salary	250,000 Gourdes per month[2]
Website	La Présidence

Qualifications

To be elected President, a candidate must:

1. be a native-born Haitian and never renounced that nationality;
2. have reached the age of 35 by election day;
3. be the owner of a real property and have one's habitual residence in the country;
4. reside in the country at least 5 years before election day;
5. have been discharged of responsibilities if previously handling public funds.

Heads of State of Haiti

Saint-Domingue (1791–1804)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Time in office	Party	Title(s)
N/A		Toussaint Louverture (1743–1803)	1 January 1791	6 May 1802	11 years, 127 days	Independent	Leader of the Haitian Revolution (1 January 1791 – 6 May 1802) Lieutenant Governor of Saint-Domingue (1797 – 7 July 1801) Governor-General for Life of the entire island of Hispaniola (7 July 1801 – 6 May 1802)
Vacant (6 May 1802–1 January 1804)
N/A		Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1758–1806)	1 January 1804	22 September 1804	265 days	Independent	Governor-General of Haiti

First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Period of reign		Time in office	Coronation	Title(s)
1		Jacques I (1758–1806)	22 September 1804	17 October 1806	2 years, 25 days	8 October 1804	Emperor of Haiti

State of Haiti (1806–1811)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Time in office	Party	Title(s)
N/A		Henri Christophe (1767–1820)	17 October 1806	28 March 1811	4 years, 163 days	Independent	Provisional Chief of the Haitian Government (17 October 1806 – 17 February 1807) President (17 February 1807 – 28 March 1811)[lower-alpha 1]

Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Period of reign		Time in office	Coronation	Title(s)
N/A		Henri I (1767–1820)	28 March 1811	8 October 1820	9 years, 192 days	2 June 1811	King of Haiti[lower-alpha 2]

Republic of Haiti (1806–1822)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Time in office	Party	Title(s)
1		Alexandre Pétion (1770–1818)	17 October 1806	29 March 1818	11 years, 165 days	Independent	President (17 October 1806 – 9 October 1816) President for Life (9 October 1816 – 29 March 1818)[lower-alpha 3]
2		Jean-Pierre Boyer (1776–1850)	30 March 1818	9 February 1822	3 years, 314 days	Independent	President for Life[lower-alpha 4]

Republic of Haiti during the unification of Hispaniola (1822–1844)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Time in office	Party	Title(s)
(2)		Jean-Pierre Boyer (1776–1850)	9 February 1822	13 February 1843	21 years, 5 days	Independent	President for Life
3		Charles Rivière-Hérard (1789–1850)	4 April 1843	27 February 1844	329 days	Independent	President

Republic of Haiti (1844–1849)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Time in office	Party	Title(s)
(3)		Charles Rivière-Hérard (1789–1850)	27 February 1844	3 May 1844	66 days	Independent	President
4		Philippe Guerrier (1757–1845)	3 May 1844	15 April 1845	348 days	Independent	President
5		Jean-Louis Pierrot (1761–1857)	16 April 1845	24 March 1846	342 days	Independent	President
6		Jean-Baptiste Riché (1780–1847)	24 March 1846	28 February 1847	342 days	Independent	President
7		Faustin Soulouque (1782–1867)	2 March 1847	26 August 1849	2 years, 176 days	Independent	President

Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Period of reign		Time in office	Coronation	Title(s)
2		Faustin I (1782–1867)	26 August 1849	22 January 1859	9 years, 148 days	18 April 1852	Emperor of Haiti

Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office		Time in office	Party	Title(s)
8		Fabre Geffrard (1806–1878)	—	22 January 1859	13 March 1867	8 years, 50 days	Independent	President
—		Nissage Saget (1810–1880)	—	20 March 1867	2 May 1867	44 days	Independent	Provisional President
9		Sylvain Salnave (1827–1870)	—	4 May 1867	27 December 1869	2 years, 236 days	Independent	President
10		Nissage Saget (1810–1880)	—	27 December 1869	14 May 1874	4 years, 138 days	Liberal Party	President
—		Council of Secretaries of State	—	14 May 1874	14 June 1874	31 days	Independent	Council of Secretaries of State
11		Michel Domingue (1813–1877)	—	14 June 1874	15 April 1876	1 year, 306 days	Independent	President
12		Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	—	23 April 1876	17 July 1879	3 years, 85 days	Liberal Party	Provisional President (23 April 1876 – 17 July 1876) President (17 July 1876 – 17 July 1879)
—		Joseph Lamothe (?–1891)	—	26 July 1879	2 October 1879	3 years, 66 days	Independent	Provisional President
13		Lysius Salomon (1815–1888)	—	2 October 1879	10 August 1888	8 years, 312 days	National Party	President
—		Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	—	10 August 1888	16 October 1888	67 days	Liberal Party	Provisional President
14		François Denys Légitime (1841–1935)	—	16 October 1888	23 August 1889	311 days	Liberal Party	President
—		Monpoint Jeune (1830–1905)	—	23 August 1889	17 October 1889	55 days	Independent	Provisional President
15		Florvil Hyppolite (1828–1896)	—	17 October 1889	24 March 1896	6 years, 160 days	National Party	President
16		Tirésias Simon Sam (1835–1916)	—	31 March 1896	12 May 1902	6 years, 43 days	National Party	President
—		Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	—	26 May 1902	17 December 1902	206 days	Liberal Party	Provisional President
17		Pierre Nord Alexis (1820–1910)	—	21 December 1902	2 December 1908	5 years, 346 days	Military	President
18		François C. Antoine Simon (1843–1923)	—	6 December 1908	3 August 1911	2 years, 242 days	Liberal Party	President
19		Cincinnatus Leconte (1854–1912)	—	15 August 1911	8 August 1912	359 days	National Party	President[lower-alpha 5]
20		Tancrède Auguste (1856–1913)	—	8 August 1912	2 May 1913	268 days	National Party	President
21		Michel Oreste (1859–1918)	—	12 May 1913	27 January 1914	261 days	Independent	President
22		Oreste Zamor (1861–1915)	—	8 February 1914	29 October 1914	264 days	Military	President
23		Joseph Davilmar Théodore (1847–1917)	—	7 November 1914	22 February 1915	108 days	Military	President
24		Vilbrun Guillaume Sam (1859–1915)	—	25 February 1915	28 July 1915	154 days	Military	President[lower-alpha 6]
25		Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave (1863–1926)	—	12 August 1915	15 May 1922	6 years, 276 days	Independent	President[lower-alpha 7]
26		Louis Borno (1865–1942)	—	15 May 1922	15 May 1930	8 years	Independent	President[lower-alpha 7]
27		Louis Eugène Roy (1861–1939)	—	15 May 1930	18 November 1930	187 days	Independent	President[lower-alpha 7]
28		Sténio Vincent (1874–1959)	—	18 November 1930	15 May 1941	10 years, 179 days	Independent	President[lower-alpha 8]
29		Élie Lescot (1883–1974)	—	15 May 1941	11 January 1946	4 years, 240 days	Liberal Party	President
—		Franck Lavaud (1903–1986)	—	11 January 1946	16 August 1946	217 days	Military	Chairman of the Military Executive Committee
30		Dumarsais Estimé (1900–1953)	—	16 August 1946	10 May 1950	3 years, 267 days	Independent	President
—		Franck Lavaud (1903–1986)	—	10 May 1950	6 December 1950	210 days	Military	Chairman of the Government Junta
31		Paul Magloire (1907–2001)	1950	6 December 1950	12 December 1956	6 years, 6 days	Peasant Worker Movement	President
—		Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis (1900–1966)	—	12 December 1956	3 February 1957	54 days	Independent	Provisional President
—		Franck Sylvain (1909–1987)	—	7 February 1957	2 April 1957	54 days	Independent	Provisional President
—		Executive Government Council	—	2 April 1957	25 May 1957	53 days	Independent	Executive Government Council
—		Daniel Fignolé (1913–1986)	—	25 May 1957	14 June 1957	20 days	Peasant Worker Movement	Provisional President
—		Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau (1909–1963)	—	14 June 1957	22 October 1957	130 days	Military	Chairman of the Military Council

Republic of Haiti during the Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986)

Symbols

• ^P Presidential referendum
• ^C Constitutional referendum
• ^† Died in office

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office		Time in office	Party	Title(s)
32		François Duvalier (1907–1971)	1957 1961[P] 1964[C]	22 October 1957	21 April 1971[†]	13 years, 182 days	National Unity Party	President (22 October 1957 – 22 June 1964) President for Life (22 June 1964 – 21 April 1971)
33		Jean-Claude Duvalier (1951–2014)	1971[C] 1985[C]	21 April 1971	7 February 1986[lower-alpha 9]	14 years, 290 days	National Unity Party	President for Life

Republic of Haiti (1986–present)

Symbols

• ^I Indirect election

Status

•   Acting President

	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office			Party	Title(s)
				Took office	Left office	Time in office
		Henri Namphy (1932–2018)	—	7 February 1986	7 February 1988	2 years	Military	President of the National Council of Government
		Leslie Manigat (1930–2014)	1988	7 February 1988	20 June 1988[lower-alpha 10]	134 days	Rally of Progressive National Democrats	President
		Henri Namphy (1932–2018)	—	20 June 1988	17 September 1988[lower-alpha 11]	89 days	Military	President
		Prosper Avril (born 1937)	—	17 September 1988	10 March 1990	1 year, 236 days	Military	President
		Hérard Abraham (born 1940)	—	10 March 1990	13 March 1990	3 days	Military	Acting President
		Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (born 1943)	—	13 March 1990	7 February 1991	331 days	Independent	Provisional President
		Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953)	1990–91	7 February 1991	29 September 1991[lower-alpha 12]	234 days	Lavalas Political Organization	President
		Raoul Cédras (born 1949)	—	29 September 1991	8 October 1991	9 days	Military	Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces[lower-alpha 13]
		Joseph Nérette (1924–2007)	—	8 October 1991	19 June 1992	255 days	Independent	Provisional President
		Marc Bazin (1932–2010)	—	19 June 1992	15 June 1993	361 days	Movement for the Instauration of Democracy in Haiti	Acting President
		Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953)	—	15 June 1993	12 May 1994	331 days	Lavalas Political Organization	President[lower-alpha 14]
		Émile Jonassaint (1913–1995)	—	12 May 1994	12 October 1994	153 days	Independent	Provisional President
		Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953)	—	12 October 1994	7 February 1996	1 year, 118 days	Lavalas Political Organization	President[lower-alpha 15]
		René Préval (1943–2017)	1995	7 February 1996	7 February 2001	5 years	Fanmi Lavalas	President
		Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953)	2000	7 February 2001	29 February 2004[lower-alpha 16]	3 years, 22 days	Fanmi Lavalas	President
		Boniface Alexandre (1936–2023)	—	29 February 2004	14 May 2006	2 years, 75 days	Independent	Provisional President
		René Préval (1943–2017)	2006	14 May 2006	14 May 2011	5 years	Lespwa[lower-alpha 17]	President
							Inite
		Michel Martelly (born 1961)	2010–11	14 May 2011	7 February 2016	4 years, 269 days	Repons Peyizan	President
		Council of Ministers Prime Minister: Evans Paul	—	7 February 2016	14 February 2016	7 days	Independent	Council of Ministers
		Jocelerme Privert (born 1953)	2016 (Feb)[I]	14 February 2016	7 February 2017	359 days	Inite	Provisional President[lower-alpha 18]
		Jovenel Moïse (1968–2021)	2016 (Nov)	7 February 2017	7 July 2021[lower-alpha 19]	4 years, 150 days	Haitian Tèt Kale Party	President
		Council of Ministers Acting Prime Minister: Claude Joseph	—	7 July 2021	20 July 2021	13 days	Independent	Council of Ministers
		Council of Ministers Prime Minister: Ariel Henry	—	20 July 2021	25 April 2024	2 years, 280 days	Inifos	Council of Ministers
		Transitional Presidential Council	—	25 April 2024	30 April 2023	5 days	Independent	Transitional Presidential Council
		Edgard Leblanc Fils	—	30 April 2024	Incumbent	116 days	Lavalas Political Organization	Transitional Presidential Council

1. Rule limited to the northern State of Haiti
2. Rule limited to the northern Kingdom of Haiti
3. Rule limited to the southern Republic of Haiti
4. United the northern Kingdom and the southern Republic in 1820
5. Great-Grandson of Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Emperor of Haiti 1804–1806)
6. Son of Tirésias Simon Sam (President of Haiti 1896–1902). Also the inspiration for Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones
7. Served under the United States occupation
8. Served under the United States occupation until 1934
9. Deposed in the Anti-Duvalier protest movement
10. Deposed in the June 1988 coup d'état
11. Deposed in the September 1988 coup d'état
12. Deposed in the 1991 coup d'état
13. De facto leader of Haiti (29 September 1991 – 12 October 1994)
14. In exile, but recognized in Haiti
15. Served under the United States occupation until 1995
16. Deposed in the 2004 coup d'état
17. Until November 2009
18. Presidential term expired on 14 June 2016
19. Assassinated^[3][4][5]

References

1. United Nations Heads of State Protocol and Liaison Service Heads of Government - Public List Ministers For Foreign Affairs
2. NEWS, HAITIZ. "Le Chef de l'État n'a que 250 mille gourdes le mois". www.haitiz.com. Archived from the original on 2021-04-28. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
3. Beaumont, Peter; Phillips, Tom (7 July 2021). "Haiti president Jovenel Moïse assassinated". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
4. "Haiti President Jovenel Moïse assassinated at home". CNBC. 7 July 2021. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
5. "Le président Jovenel Moïse assassiné chez lui par un commando armé". Le Nouvelliste. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.

Sources

• Schutt-Ainé, Patricia (1994). Haiti: A Basic Reference Book. Miami, Florida: Librairie Au Service de la Culture. pp. 165. ISBN 0-9638599-0-0.