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Hydrography
applied science of measurement and description of bodies of water / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hydrography is a subject of Geography. It concerns itself with measuring the physical characteristics of waters, such as rivers, lakes and oceans.[1] It can also be about such measurement in navigable waters, as they are necessary for the safe passage of ships and vessels.
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Massive hydrographical studies are usually undertaken by national or international organizations that sponsor data collection through surveys and publication of charts and descriptive materials for navigational purposes.[2]
Hydrography's origin lies in the making of chart like drawings and notations made by individual mariners. It was usually a private property, even closely held secrets, used for commercial or military advantage.