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Gram staining
microbiological method for identification; method of staining used to differentiate bacterial species into two large groups (gram-positive and gram-negative) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gram staining (or Gram's method) is a way of classifying bacteria into two large groups: gram-positive and gram-negative. The name comes from its inventor, Hans Christian Gram.
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Gram's method stains bacteria according to the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls. First, a violet dye is put on the bacteria. This dye stains peptidoglycan, a thick layer that is only found in gram-positive bacteria.[1] After the first stain, another stain (usually safranin or fuchsin) gives all gram-negative bacteria a red or pink colour.
The Gram stain is almost always the first step in the identification of a bacterial organism. However, not all bacteria can be classified by this technique. Bacteria for which the method does not work are called 'gram-variable' or 'gram-indeterminate'.
Gram developed the technique working with another scientist, Carl Friedländer in a hospital in Berlin. However, Gram first used the test to make bacteria in the lungs easier to see.[2] He published his finished method in 1884.[3]