Congress Poland

Congress Poland (Polish: Królestwo Polskie, Russian: Царство Польское) was a historical Polish state created in 1815 by decision of Congress of Vienna as personal union with Russia.^[2][3]

Kingdom of Poland Królestwo Polskie Царство Польское
1815–1915[1]
Royal Standard Coat of Arms
Motto: Z nami Bóg! "God is with us!"
Anthem: Pieśń narodowa za pomyślność króla "National Song to the King's Well-being"
Status	Constitutional monarchy under personal union with Russian Empire
Capital	Warsaw
Official languages	Polish, Russian
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Demonym(s)	Polish, Pole
Government	Constitutional Monarchy
King
• 1815-1825	Alexander I (first)
• 1894-1917	Nicholas II (last)
Establishment
• Congress of Vienna	9 June 1815
• Constitution	27 November 1815
• November Uprising	29 November 1830
• Incorporation to Russian Empire	26 February 1832
• January Uprising	23 January 1863
• Establishment of Vistula Land	1867
• Lost to Germany during WWI	1915
Area
• Total	128,500 km2 (49,600 sq mi)
Population
• 1816 estimate	3,300,000[2]
• 1870	6,100,000[2]
• 1900	10,000,000[2]
Currency	Złoty
Preceded by Succeeded by Duchy of Warsaw Government General of Warsaw Military Government of Lublin Kingdom of Poland (November Uprising)
Today part of	Poland, Latvia, Russia

The first king was Alexander I, who created the university of Warsaw in 1816. In the years 1830–1831, there was the November Uprising, which resulted in the abolition of the kingdom in 1832^[4] and incorporation to the Russian Empire.^[2]

The constitution of the kingdom was adopted on 27 November 1815, but it was replaced by Tsar Nicholas I with Organic Status.^[3]

Under reign of the Alexander II a major liberal reforms took place, political amnesty, conciliatory measures in cultural and religious matters, and the creation of the Agricultural Society to tackle the peasant question.^[5] In 1867, after January Uprising (1863-1864) the kingdom was transformed into province of Russian Empire called Vistula Land.^[3]

References

1. Despite the incorporation of the kingdom in 1832 and transforming it into Vistula Land in 1867, the Russian rulers used the title of King of Poland until 1915. Which means that the kingdom existed de jure to 1915.
2. Królestwo Polskie Encyklopedia PWN [2023-03-14]
3. Congress Poland at the Encyclopædia Britannica
4. Małe tablice. Historia. Warsaw: Adamantan. 2017. p. 52. ISBN 978-83-7350-424-0.
5. Congress Poland at the Encyclopædia Britannica