![cover image](https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Caffeine_structure.svg/langsimple-640px-Caffeine_structure.svg.png&w=640&q=50)
Caffeine
chemical compound / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. It is in the methylxanthine class. It is found in many plants, and is used in drinks like coffee, some teas, some soft drinks, and energy drinks. It can be harmful for both humans and animals if a large amount is consumed. If a person ate 10-13 grams of caffeine quickly, between 80 and 100 cups of coffee, they would overdose and may die.[11] It is the world's most popular psychoactive drug, and is legal in nearly all of the world.[12]
Quick Facts Clinical data, Pronunciation ...
![]() | |
![]() | |
Clinical data | |
---|---|
Pronunciation | /kæˈfiːn, ˈkæfiːn/ |
Synonyms | Guaranine Methyltheobromine 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine 7-methyltheophylline[1] Theine |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
Pregnancy category |
|
Dependence liability | Physical: low–moderate[2][3][4][5] Psychological: low[6] |
Addiction liability | Low[5] / none[2][3][4] |
Routes of administration | By mouth, insufflation, enema, rectal, intravenous |
Drug class | Stimulant |
ATC code | |
Legal status | |
Legal status |
|
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 99%[7] |
Protein binding | 25–36%[8] |
Metabolism | Primary: CYP1A2[8] Minor: CYP2E1,[8] CYP3A4,[8] CYP2C8,[8] CYP2C9[8] |
Metabolites | Paraxanthine (84%) Theobromine (12%) Theophylline (4%) |
Onset of action | ~1 hour[7] |
Elimination half-life | Adults: 3–7 hours[8] Infants (full term): 8 hours[8] Infants (premature): 100 hours[8] |
Duration of action | 3–4 hours[7] |
Excretion | Urine (100%) |
Identifiers | |
IUPAC name
| |
CAS Number |
|
PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
DrugBank |
|
ChemSpider |
|
UNII | |
KEGG |
|
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
PDB ligand | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.329 ![]() |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C8H10N4O2 |
Molar mass | 194.19 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Density | 1.23 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 235 to 238 °C (455 to 460 °F) (anhydrous)[9][10] |
SMILES
| |
InChI
|
Close