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Tutlayt Tagrikt (Ελληνικά, ɣmkli s taqran: Elliniká ) tga yat tutlayt tahilinikt, nttat waḥdut ad sul iddrn ɣ tutlayin n tawja y-ad, llan ɣilad ger 15 d 22 mlyun ay sawaln tutlayt ad, ɣ Tagrikt d Cypr aɣ guttn middn lli isawaln tutlayt ad , mac llan ula ɣ tmizar yaḍni zun d Turkya, Talyan, Bulgarya, Ukranya, Masedonya n ugafa, Hongrya, Roumanya, Moldavya, Gyorgya. Tutlayt ad tga yat tutlayt iqburn, amzruy nns ilan ɣ uggar n 3500 usggas .
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Tṭṭaf tutlayt ad yan ugmmay lli sis iẓlin ad t igan d agmmay agrik, Agmmay ad iga yan ugmmay bahra iqburn mqqar ɣilad snfln gis kigan d skrn as lmɛyaṛa, ɣil ad gis 24 uskkil :
Iskkiln mqqurn | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Ω | Ψ | Χ | Φ | Υ | Τ | Σ | Ρ | Π | Ο | Ξ | Ν | Μ | Λ | Κ | Ι | Θ | Η | Ζ | Ε | Δ | Γ | Β | Α |
Iskkiln mẓẓiyn | |||||||||||||||||||||||
ω | ψ | χ | φ | υ | τ | σ | ρ | π | ο | ξ | ν | μ | λ | κ | ι | θ | η | ζ | ε | δ | γ | β | α |
Tnfl tgrikt ɣ umzruy nns lli igan uggar n 3000 n isggwasn. ɣ umzruy nns tzri ɣ kkuzt tkliwin: tagrikt tazaykut d takwanit d tagrikt tamuẓunt d tagrikt tatrart, kraygat taklit ɣ tkliwin ad gis tantaliwn imnaḥyan, idḥina timnuḥyutin tirakalin.
Tagrikt tazaykut tkkat nn ar ttisawal ɣ ugrik azaku n tizikt, zɣ 1000 ar 330 dat ɛisa. tbḍa f mnnawt tantaliwin. tagrikt tazaykut ar adlli ttyara ɣar s iskkiln imqrann bla asayrar, zund ɣ kra n ismḍal.
takwanit tagrikt (« tutlayt tamazart ») ar tt isawal ar ttyara zɣ 330 dat ɛisa ar 330 ḍart n ɛisa ɣ ṭalyan n unẓul, ɣ ibalkann, ɣ ussutl n ill asggan, ɣ anatuli, ɣ miṣra, ɣ sirinayik d baktryan.
Tuckad zɣ takwanit, tagrikt tamuẓunt tga tutlayt n 'tambirt tarumanit n usnqr ngar 330 ar 1453, d iwnak s tt ḍfirn (tambbirt n nisi, disbbuta n ibbirus, tambbirt n tribizund, Despotat de Morée et Principauté de Théodoros). llant mnnawt tunɣilin lli sul ittiysawaln ḍfir anɣubu n iwnak ad[3] :
Tkka d tagrikt tatrart tagrikt tamuẓunt, (nɣ rumayk) tettusawal ɣ Tgrikt d ɣ Qubrus zɣ 1453, mac ar yadlli tettusawal wahli mnck ɣ unqr n ill agrakal, ɣ unẓul n ṭalyan, d principautés danubiennes. Llant gis ɣil ad sḍist tunɣilin : tadimutikt nɣ « tagrikt tamazart tatrart », tutlayt tunṣibt ɣ Tgrikt d ɣ Qubrus, Kataribusa (καθαρεύουσα) nɣ « tagrikt taḥurrit tatrart » lli igan tantala n tama n yill agarakal d griku n ṭalyan. llant altu tantaliwin yaḍn, zun d kabbadusyan n anatuli ur sul srs isawal bla kra n imsawaln iwssarn zɣ imzwagn n mirkasyat. tagrikt tamazart tadimutikt tssn altu tantaliwin iẓlin s tgzirin slawan akkʷ kritwa d taqubrusit.
Ɣ turkya, iturkin lli s ur nssn mnck ad gan ssn snat tutlayin atnt igan d tgrikt d turkit: ɣ ma iggutn gan imikrazyatn ikcmn s islam zɣ « tawaɣit tamqrant » n 1923 afad ad ruln i tmyaqqant n luzan d ad qqimn ɣ tgʷmma nnsn. ra tn sul taft ɣ dar taɣarin n turkya, ula ɣ tgzirin n imbrus d tinidɛs. asqsi icqqa, s usrag n anamuran, ur ttinin isfka f tussna d tutlayt tagrikt, mac ɣar f « uɣrf » agrik, ra d gin 5000. mac ra d gin uggar ɣ tidt. iskkiln n tgrikt ttugdal ɣ turkya, n idḥina ar tyara s iskkiln ilatinn. mac llan islidn, s umdya ɣ tgzirin n imbrus d tinidus, lli ɣ llan inamurn iturkiyn nna dar tlla tussna tagrikt, d ɣ istanbul, ɣ usɣim n tabtryarkt n kustantinbbul, mac ɣ yan usati adlsan d adlsan nn dar illa uṣniɛ uslig d ur igin unṣib, wala asrtan wala amttr, acku awnk aturki alayki ur ar tqbal s unṣib bla tutlayt taturkit s uskkil alatin. takurdit d tɛrabt ttsurufnt ɣar ɣ usayrur uslig.
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