Ratni zarobljenici

Ratni zarobljenik je lice koga su neprijateljske snage zarobile tokom ili nakon oružanog konflikta.

Austrougarski ratni zarobljenici u Rusiji 1915.

Jedna od osnovnih karakteristika boračkog statusa je da ukoliko borci padnu pod vlast neprijatelja oni dobijaju status ratnih zarobljenika.

Pored boraca, Trećom Ženevskom konvencijom status ratnih zarobljenika u slučaju zarobljavanja priznat je civilima koji prate oružane snage iako neposredno ne ulaze u njihov sastav, kao i članovima posada trgovačke mornarice i civilnog vazduhoplovstva strana u sukobu ukoliko u konkretnom slučaju po međunarodnom pravu ne uživaju povoljniji tretman. Reč je o istom krugu lica kojima je priznat status ranjenika, bolesnika i brodolomnika.

Pored ovih lica status ratnih zarobljenika imaju i pripadnici oružanih snaga okupiranih zemalja ukoliko okupator odluči da pristupi njihovom imterniranju kao i sva lica kojima je priznat ovaj status koja su na svoju teritoriju primile neutralne i nezaraćene sile pod uslovom da im ne bude priznat povoljniji položaj.

Postoje i lica kojima, iako ulaze u sastav oružanih snaga jedne od zaraćenih strana, ni u slučaju zarobljavanja, neće biti priznat status ratnih zarobljenika. Reč je o plaćenicima i špijunima.

Pod plaćenicima se podrazumevaju pre svega lica koja u neprijateljstvima učestvuju prevashodno motivisana ličnom korišću, koja nisu državljani strane u sukobu i koja su uglavnom regrutovana u inostranstvu. Špijunima se smatraju pripadnici oružanih snaga strane u sukobu ukoliko su uhvaćeni u špijunaži i nalaze se u vlasti protivničke strane. Pri tome, na osnovu tradicionalnog koncepta pravi se razlika između lica koja su se bavila špijunažom u uniformi svojih oružanih snaga ili bez nje, tako da se uniformisani obaveštajci za razliku od ovih drugih, neće smatrati špijunima.

Svrha interniranja ratnih zarobljenika nije njihovo kažnjavanje, imajući u vidu da oni ne mogu da odgovaraju za učestvovanje u neprijateljstvima već sprečavanje njihovog daljeg učestvovanja u borbi. Saglasno toma odredbe koje se tiču njihovog položaja predstavljaju kompromis između interesa sile u čijoj se vlasti nalaze, interesa sile kojoj zarobljenici pripadaju i interesa samih ratnih zarobljenika.

Pored opšteg nivoa zaštite koji je priznat i ostalim kategorijama zaštićenih lica a koja podrazumeva obavezu poštovanja fizičkog i psihičkog integriteta, ratni zarobljenici saglasno svom specifičnom statusu uživaju i dodatna prava. Tako na primer oni ne smeju biti prinudno ispitivani, niti se prema njima sme primeniti bilo koja metoda radi dobijanja informacija. Sila koja ih drži u zarobljeništvu mora obezbediti adekvatne uslove za njihov smeštaj, ishranu i odevanje, i ovi uslovi ne smeju biti nepovoljniji od uslova obezbeđenim sopstvenim jedinicama na tim mestima. U slučaju pokušaja bekstva, ratni zarobljenici mogu biti samo disciplinski kažnjeni dok im za krivična dela izvršena dok su pod ovim statusom mora biti obezbeđen pravičan i nepristrasan sudski postupak.

Povezano

• Zarobljenički logor

Literatura

• „Prisoner of War”. Encyclopædia Britannica (CD Edition izd.). 2002.
• Gendercide site
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• The stories of several American fighter pilots, shot down over North Vietnam are the focus of American Film Foundation's 1999 documentary Return with Honor, presented by Tom Hanks.
• Lewis H. Carlson, WE WERE EACH OTHER'S PRISONERS: An Oral History of World War II American and German Prisoners of War, 1st Edition.; 1997, BasicBooks (HarperCollins, Inc).ISBN 0-465-09120-2.
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• On 12 February 2013, three American POWs gathered at the Pritzker Military Library for a webcast conversation Arhivirano 2013-06-28 na Wayback Machine-u regarding their individual experiences as POWs and the memoirs they each published:
  • Rhonda Cornum – with Peter Copeland She Went to War: The Rhonda Cornum Story 1992 ISBN 9780891414636
  • John L. Borling – a collection of his poetry Taps on the Walls: Poems from the Hanoi Hilton 2013 ISBN 9780615659053
  • Donald E. Casey – To Fight For My Country, Sir!: Memoirs of a 19 year old B-17 Navigator Shot Down in Nazi Germany 2009 ISBN 9781448669875

Spoljašnje veze

Ratni zarobljenici na Wikimedijinoj ostavi

• Prisoners of war and humanitarian law Arhivirano 2009-02-12 na Wayback Machine-u
• The National Archives 'Your Archives' Prisoners of War Arhivirano 2013-02-27 na UK Government Web Archive-u
• The National Archives ADM 103 Prisoners of War 1755–1831
• The National Archives 'Your Archives'—ADM 103 Prisoners of War 1755–1831 Arhivirano 2013-06-20 na UK Government Web Archive-u
• Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II Arhivirano 2008-03-30 na Wayback Machine-u
• Reports made by WW1 prisoners of war on The UK National Archives' website.
• First hand account of being a Japanese POW. Part 1 in a series of 4 video interviews
• German POWs and the art of survival
• Current status of Vietnam War POW/MIA
• Clifford Reddish: War Memoirs of a British Army Signalman as a prisoner of the Japanese Arhivirano 2017-10-10 na Wayback Machine-u
• CBC Digital Archives—Canada's Forgotten PoW Camps
• German army list of Stalags
• German army list of Oflags
• Colditz Oflag IVC POW Camp Arhivirano 2020-08-12 na Wayback Machine-u
• Lamsdorf Reunited Arhivirano 2013-05-23 na Wayback Machine-u
• New Zealand Official History, New Zealand PoWs of Germany, Italy & Japan
• Notes of Japanese soldier in a USSR prison camp after WWII
• ICRC in WW II: German prisoners of war in Allied hands Arhivirano 2009-04-26 na Wayback Machine-u
• World War 2 U.S. POW Archives Arhivirano 2013-07-28 na Wayback Machine-u
• Korean War POW Archives Arhivirano 2012-12-18 na Wayback Machine-u
• Historic films about POWs in World War I at europeanfilmgateway.eu
• Jewish POW swapped by Germans in World War II