Urdu

Urdu ˈ (Urdu: اُردُو‬‎, Urdū, pronounced [ʊrˈd̪u] ( listen)), forby said Lashkari (لشکری ˈləʃkəri)^[9], is the heidmaist leid that is spak in Pakistan. It is in mony weys seemilar tae Hindi whan spak (the twa is mutually intelligable) it haes a different writin seestem that's taen frae the Arabic. There's 60-80 million native speakers, an 160 million tot.

Urdu
ur‬ Lashkari (لشکری)
Urdu in Perso-Arabic script (Nastaʿlīq style)
Pronunciation	Hindustani: [ˈʊrd̪u]
Native tae	Pakistan, Indie, Bangladesh ("Bihari"), Nepal[1]
Native speakers	66 million (2007)[2] Tot (only Urdu): 104 million (2010)[3] Tot (includin Hindi): 490 million (2010)[4]
Leid faimily	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Central zone Wastren Hindi Hindustani[5] Seann Punjabi[6][7] Urdu
Writin seestem	Arabic (Urdu alphabet [Nastaʿlīq) Devanagari Urdu Braille
Offeecial status
Offeecial leid in	Pakistan  Indie (states o Jammu an Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi)
Regulatit bi	Naitional Leid Authority (Pakistan); Naitional Cooncil for Promotion o Urdu Leid[8] (Indie)
Leid codes
ISO 639-1	ur
ISO 639-2	urd
ISO 639-3	urd
Linguasphere	59-AAF-q (wi Hindi, includin 58 varieties: 59-AAF-qaa tae 59-AAF-qil)
Auries where Urdu is offeecial or cooffeecial   (Ither) auries where Hindi is offeecial

Letter Names and Phonemes

Isolated Letter [N]		Phoneme				Urdu Letter Name [10][11]			Unicode [12][13]	Nummer in Urdu alphabet
		IPA	Scots Letter	closest Phoneme in Scots	closest Phoneme in Inglis	Nastaliq [footnote 1]	diacritics [11]	Romanizations [11][14]			[11]
ا		/ɑː/ /ā/ /ʔ/ /–/ [citation needit]		(example needed)		الف	الِف	alif[11] / alef[13]	U+0627	1	1
ب		/b/		(example needed)	B in "bat"	بے	بے	bē[11] / beh[13]	U+0628	2	2
پ		/p/		(example needed)		پے	پے	pē[11] / peh[12]	U+067E	3	3
ت		/t̪/		(example needed)		تے	تے	tē[11] / teh[13]	U+062A	4	4
ٹ		/ʈ/		(example needed)		ٹے	ٹے	ṭē[11] / tteh[12]	U+0679	5	5
ث		/s/		(example needed)		ثے	ثے	sē[11] / s̱ē	U+062B	6	6
ج		/d͡ʒ/		(example needed)		جيم	جِيم	jīm[11] / jeem[13]	U+062C	7	7
چ		/t͡ʃ/		(example needed)		چے	چے	čē[11] / cē[11] / tcheh[12]	U+0686	8	8
ح		/ɦ/		(example needed)		بڑی حے	بَڑی حے	baṛī ħē[11] / baṛī ḥē	U+062D	9	9
خ		/x/	"guttural" Kh [15]	ch in "loch" [15]		خے	خے	xē[11] / khē[11] / khah[13] / k͟hē	U+062E	10	10
د		/d/		(example needed)		دال	دال	dāl[11] / dal[13]	U+062F	11	11
ڈ		/ɖ/		(example needed)		ڈال	ڈال	ḍāl[11] / ddal[12]	U+0688	12	12
ذ		/z/		(example needed)		ذال	ذال	zāl[11] / ẕāl	U+0630	13	13
ر		/r/		(example needed)		رے	رے	rē[11] / reh[13]	U+0631	14	14
ڑ		/ɽ/		(example needed)		ڑے	ڑے	ṛē[11] / rreh[12]	U+0691	15	15
ز		/z/		(example needed)		زے	زے	zē[11] / zey	U+0632	16	16
ژ		/ʒ/		(example needed)		ژے	ژے	žē[11] / zhē[11]	U+0698	17	17
س		/s/		(example needed)		سین	سِين	sīn[11] / seen[13]	U+0633	18	18
ش		/ʃ/		(example needed)		شین	شِين	šīn[11] / shīn[11] / sheen[13]	U+0634	19	19
ص		/s/		(example needed)		صاد	صْواد	swād[11] / sad[13] / ṣwād	U+0635	20	20
ض		/z/		(example needed)		ضاد	ضْواد	żwād[11] / ẓwād	U+0636	21	21
ط		/t/		(example needed)		طوے	طوئے	tō’ē[11] / tah[13] / tōē / t̤o'ē / toy	U+0637	22	22
ظ		/z/		(example needed)		ظوے	ظوئے	zō’ē[11] / zōē / z̤o'ē	U+0638	23	23
ع		/ɑː/ /oː/ /eː/ /ʔ/ /ʕ/ /∅/ (footnote)		(example needed)		عین	عَيْن	‘ain[11] / ain[13] ayn	U+0639	24	24
غ		/ɣ/		(example needed)		غین	غَيْن	ğain[11] / ghain[13] / g͟hain	U+063A	25	25
ف		/f/		(example needed)		فے	فے	fē[11] / feh[13]	U+0641	26	26
ق		/q/		(example needed)		قاف	قاف	qāf[11] / qaf[13]	U+0642	27	27
ک		/k/		(example needed)		کاف	کاف	kāf[11] / kāf	U+06A9	28	28
گ		/ɡ/		(example needed)		گاف	گاف	gāf[11] / gaf[12]	U+06AF	29	29
ل		/l/		(example needed)		لام	لام	lām[11] / lam[13]	U+0644	30	30
م		/m/		(example needed)		میم	مِيم	mīm[11] / meem[13]	U+0645	31	31
ن		/n/ /ɲ/ /ɳ/ /ŋ/		(example needed)		نون	نُون	nūn[11] / noon[13]	U+0646	32	32
ں		/ ◌̃ /		(example needed)		نون غنہ	نُونِ غُنّہ	nūn-e ğunnah[11] / noon ghunna[12] / nūn g͟hunnah	U+06BA	33
◌٘    ٘   ــ٘ـ									U+0658
و		/ʋ/ /ʊ/ /uː/ /oː/ /ɔː/ [V/W]		(example needed)		واؤ	واؤ	vāō[11] /  wāō[11] / waw[13] / wā'o	U+0648	34	33
ہ		/ɦ/ /ɑː/ /e:/		(example needed)		گول ہے	گول ہے	gōl hē[11] / heh goal[12] / gol hē	U+06C1	35	34
ه						چهوٹی هے	چهوٹی هے	čhōṭī hē [11]	U+0647 [11]	Arabic [footnote]
ھ		/ʰ/ or /ʱ/		(example needed)		دو چشمی ہے	دوچَشْمی ہے	dō-čašmī hē[11] / heh doachashmee[12] / do-cashmī hē	U+06BE	36
ی		/j/ /iː/ /ɑː/		(example needed)		چھوٹی يے	چھوٹی يے	čhōṭī yē[11] / choṭī yē	U+06CC	38	35
ے		/ɛː/ /eː/		(example needed)		بڑی يے	بَڑی يے	baṛī yē[11] / yeh barree[12]	U+06D2	39
ء	ء	/ʔ/ /∅/	(footnote)	(example needed)		ہمزہ	ہَمْزه	hamzah[11] / hamza[13]	U+0621	37	0 or 35
ئ	ئ								U+0626

Tiotal cànain Lashkari ann an sgriobt Nastaliq.

^Nastaliq: See Inglis Wikipedia: "Nastaliq".

^V/W:

^Hamza: In the Urdu, hamza ء is silent in aw its forms apairt fae whan it is uised as hamza-e-izafat. The main hamza ء uiss in the Urdu is fur tae indicate a vowel cluster. In Urdu words, Hamza ء is aye attatcht ئ tae a form resemmlin the Arabic ى alef maksura [citation needit].

^Ayn: Ayn ع in its initial عـ an final ـع poseition is uisually silent and is replaced by the forerinnin or follaein vowel soun.

^Arabic Ha:

References

1. "Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition, Urdu". Ethnologue. Retrieved 5 Mairch 2013.
2. Nationalencyklopedin "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007
3. Katsiavriades, Qureshi, Kryss, Talaat. "The 30 Most Spoken Languages of the World". Retrieved 5 Mairch 2013.
4. "A Guide to Urdu". BBC. Archived frae the original on 25 Mey 2012. Retrieved 31 Januar 2012.
5. Hindustani (2005). Keith Brown (ed.). Encyclopedie o Leid an Linguistics (2 ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 0-08-044299-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
6. Bailey, T. Grahame. "Urdu: the Name and the Language." The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2 (1930): 391-400.
7. Khalid, Kanwal. "LAHORE DURING THE GHANAVID PERIOD."
8. "National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language". Urducouncil.nic.in. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
9. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf
10. Delacy 2003, p. XV–XVI.
11. "Urdu Alphabet". www.user.uni-hannover.de. Archived frae the original on 11 September 2019. Retrieved 29 Februar 2020.
12. "Extended Arabic Letter". unicode.org. Retrieved 7 May 1920. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
13. "Based on ISO 8859-6". unicode.org. Retrieved 7 May 1920. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
14. Project Fluency (7 October 2016). Urdu: The Complete Urdu Learning Course for Beginners: Start Speaking Basic Urdu Immediately (Kindle ed.). p. Kindle Locations 66–67. ISBN 978-1539047803.
15. Kashani, Aabid (2019). Urdu: The Ultimate Beginners Learning Guide: Master The Fundamentals Of The Urdu Language (Kindle ed.). Dirk Alan Llorens?.

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