The Shard

The Shard,^{[lower-alpha 1]} referred tae as the Shard o Glass,^[7][8] Shard Lunnon Brig^[9] an umwhile Lunnon Brig Touer,^[10][11][12] is an 87-storey skyscraper in Lunnon that forms pairt o the Lunnon Brig Quarter development. The Shard's construction began in Mairch 2009; it wis tappt oot on 30 Mairch 2012^[13] an inaugurated on 5 Julie 2012. Practical completion wis achieved in November 2012.

The Shard
The Shard in Januar 2013
General information
Status	Duin
Location	32 Joiner street, Southwark Lunnon, Ingland
Coordinates	51.5045°N 0.0865°W / 51.5045; -0.0865
Biggin stairtit	Mairch 2009
Completit	Julie 2012 (opened Februar 2013)[1]
Cost	~£435 million (contract cost anly)[2]
Hicht
Antenna spire	306 m (1,004 ft)[3]
Ruif	304.1 m (998 ft)[4]
Technical details
Fluir coont	87 (includin plant fluirs) 72 (habitable)
Fluir aurie	110,000 m2 (1,200,000 sq ft)
Lifts/elevators	44[5]
Design an construction
Airchitect	Renzo Piano
Developer	Sellar Property Group
Structural ingineer	EC Harris (project managers), WSP Cantor Seinuk (structural ingineers), Robert Bird Group (concrete temporary wirks), Ischebeck Titan on maist fluirs 40+ (concrete support)
Services ingineer	Arup
Main contractor	Mace
References
[3][6]

Notes

1. The biggin's operators offeecially stylise its name as The Shard, wi the wird "the" capitalised.

References

1. "The Shard Opens Viewing Deck To Visitors". Sky News. 2 Februar 2013. Archived frae the original on 3 Mairch 2016. Retrieved 2 Februar 2013.
2. "The Shard, London: Cost of Europe's Tallest Building". TheRichest.org. 15 Julie 2012. Archived frae the original on 23 Juin 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
3. "The Shard – The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 26 Apryle 2013.
4. Piano, Renzo (2013). The Shard: London Bridge Tower (in English and Italian). Matador. p. 74. ISBN 978-88-6264-006-0.CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (link)
5. The Shard: The Official Guidebook. Thames & Hudson (2013). p.22. ISBN: 9780500342848.
6. The Shard at Emporis. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
7. Bar-Hillel, Mira (24 Februar 2009). "£28bn Shard of Glass to start its ascent". London Evening Standard. Archived frae the original on 27 Mey 2010. Retrieved 7 Julie 2010.
8. "Work starts on Shard of Glass". New Civil Engineer. 2 Apryle 2009. Retrieved 7 Julie 2010.
9. "London Bridge Tower, London". Designbuild-network.com. 15 Juin 2011. Retrieved 6 Julie 2012.
10. Weaver, Matt (15 Apryle 2003). "Battle begins for London Bridge Tower". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 6 Februar 2013.
11. "Shard funding crisis: Tower finances cast shadow over project". World Architecture News. 10 September 2007. Archived frae the original on 29 Mairch 2012. Retrieved 7 Julie 2010.
12. "Why do tall buildings have such silly names?". BBC News. 26 November 2010. Archived frae the original on 27 Mey 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
13. "Shard Tops Out". Skyscrapernews.com. 30 Mairch 2012. Archived frae the original on 13 Mey 2012. Retrieved 2 Apryle 2012.