Republic o Ireland

Ireland or Airlann (Erse: Éire), deskrived as the Republic o Ireland (or Republick o Airlann in Ulstèr-Scotch) (Erse: Poblacht na hÉireann), is a kintra in wastren Europe, wi a population o mair nor 4 million. It maks up maist o the iland o Ireland, an haes a mairch wi Northren Ireland, pairt o the Unitit Kinrick. It is a unitar, pairlamentary republic.^[9] The legislatur, the Oireachtas, consists o a lawer house, Dáil Éireann, an upper house, Seanad Éireann, and an elected Preses (Uachtarán) that serves as the lairgely ceremonial heid o state, but wi some important pouers an duties. The heid o govrenment is the Taoiseach (Prime Meenister, leeterally 'Chief'), that is electit bi the Dáil an appointit bi the President; the Taoiseach in turn appynts ither govrenment meenisters.

Ireland[a] Erse: Éire
Flag Coat o airms
Anthem: "Amhrán na bhFiann" "The Sodgers' Sang"
Location o  Ireland  (daurk green) – on the European continent  (green & daurk grey) – in the European Union  (green)
Caipital	Dublin 53°20.65′N 6°16.05′W
Lairgest ceety	capital
Offeecial leids	Erse Inglis[1]
Naitional leid	Erse[1]
Ethnic groups (2016[2])	82.2% White Erse 9.5% Ither White 2.6% Nae stated 1.7% Ither Asie / Asie Erse 1.5% Ither 1.2% Black Erse / Black African 0.7% Erse Traveller 0.4% Cheenese 0.1% Ither Black
Demonym(s)	Erse
Govrenment	Unitar pairlamentary republic
• Preses	Michael D. Higgins
• Taoiseach	Micheál Martin
• Tánaiste	Leo Varadkar
Legislatur	Oireachtas
• Upper house	Seanad
• Lower house	Dáil
Unthirldom  frae the Unitit Kinrick
• Proclamation	24 Apryle 1916
• Declaration	21 Januar 1919
• Anglo-Erse Treaty	6 December 1921
• 1922 constitution	6 December 1922
• 1937 constitution	29 December 1937
• Republic Act	18 Apryle 1949
• Jyned the EEC	1 Januar 1973
Aurie
• Total	70,273 km2 (27,133 sq mi) (120t)
• Water (%)	2.00
Population
• 2016 census	4,761,865[3] (120t)
• Density	67.7/km2 (175.3/sq mi) (142nt)
GDP (PPP)	2017 estimate
• Total	$344 billion[4] (56t)
• Per capita	$72,529[4] (7t)
GDP (nominal)	2017 estimate
• Tot	$294 billion[4] (42nt)
• Per capita	$62,085[4] (4t)
Gini (2021)	26.9[5] law · 23rd
HDI (2021)	0.945[6] [7] verra heich · 8th
Currency	Euro (€)[note 1] (EUR)
Time zone	UTC⁠ (GMT/WET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (IST/WEST)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Drivin side	left
Cawin code	+353
ISO 3166 code	IE
Internet TLD	.ie[b]
^ Article 4 o the Constitution o Ireland declares that the name o the state is Ireland; Section 2 o the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 declares that Republic of Ireland is "the description of the State".[8] ^ The .eu domain is an aa uised, as it is shared wi ither European Union member states.

Territorial Organization

The state wis creatit as the Erse Free State in 1922 as a result o the Anglo-Erse Treaty. It haed the status o Domeenion till 1937 whan a new constitution wis adoptit, in that the state wis named "Ireland" and effectively becam a republic, wi an electit non-executive preses as heid o state. It wis offeecially declared a republic in 1949, follaein the Republic of Ireland Act 1948. Ireland becam a member o the Unitit Naitions in December 1955. It jynt the European Economic Community (EEC), the predecessor o the European Union, in 1973. The state haed na formal relations wi Northren Ireland for maist o the twentiet century, but in the 1980s an 1990s the Breetish an Erse govrenments wirkit wi the Northren Ireland pairties taewart a resolution tae "the Tribbles". Syne the signin o the Guid Fryday Greement in 1998, the Erse govrenment an Northren Ireland Executive hae co-operatit on a nummer o policy auries unner the North-Sooth Meenisterial Cooncil creatit bi the Greement.

Ireland ranks amang the tap twenty-five walthiest kintras in the warld in terms o GDP per capita,^[10] an as the tent maist prosperous kintra in the warld accordin tae The Legatum Prosperity Index 2015.^[11] Efter jynin the EEC, Ireland enactit a series o leeberal economic policies that resultit in fest economic growthe. The kintra achieved conseederable prosperity atween the years o 1995 an 2007, that becam kent as the Celtic Teeger period. This wis hautit bi an unprecedentit financial creesis that begoud in 2008, in conjunction wi the concurrent global economic crash.^[12][13] Houiver, as the Erse economy wis the festest growin in the EU in 2015,^[14] Ireland is again quickly ascendin league cairts comparin walth an prosperity internaitionally. For ensaumple, in 2015, Ireland wis rankit as the jynt saxt (wi Germany) maist developit kintra in the warld bi the Unitit Naitions Human Development Index.^[15] It an aw performs weel in several naitional performance metrics, includin freedom o the press, economic freedom an ceevil leeberties. Ireland is a member o the European Union an is a foondin member o the Cooncil o Europe an the OECD. The Erse govrenment haes follaed a policy o militar neutrality throu non-alignment syne immediately prior tae Warld War II an the kintra is consequently nae a member o NATO,^[16] awtho it is a member o Pairtnership for Peace.

History

• Leinster House

Nicht view o Dublin, the caipital o the Republic o Ireland

Notes

1. Prior tae 2002, Ireland uised the punt (Erse poond) as its circulatit siller. The euro wis introduced as an accoonting siller in 1999.

References

1. "Official Languages Act 2003". Office of the Attorney-General. Retrieved 18 Februar 2012.
2. "CSO Census 2016 Chaper 6 - Ethnicity and Irish Travellers" (PDF). Retrieved 28 Apryle 2017.
3. "Census 2016 Summary Results - Part 1" (PDF). 6 Apryle 2017.
4. "Ireland". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 1 Apryle 2017.
5. "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)". Eurostat Data Explorer. Retrieved 4 7 August 2022. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
6. "2021 Human Development Report" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
7. "2021 HDI of Ireland". Global Data Lab. 2022.
8. John Coakley (20 August 2009). Politics in the Republic of Ireland. Taylor & Francis. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-415-47672-0. Retrieved 2 Mey 2011.
9. L. Prakke; C. A. J. M. Kortmann; J. C. E. van den Brandhof (2004), Constitutional Law of 15 EU Member States, Deventer: Kluwer, p. 429, ISBN 9013012558, Since 1937 Ireland has been a parliamentary republic, in which ministers appointed by the president depend on the confidence of parliament
10. "Country Comparison: GDP – per capita (PPP)". World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived frae the original on 19 November 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
11. "Legatum Prosperity Index" (PDF). The Legatum Institute. Retrieved 7 Juin 2016.
12. "EU: Causes of Growth differentials in Europe", WAWFA think tank
13. Nicoll, Ruaridh (16 Mey 2009). "Ireland: As the Celtic Tiger roars its last". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 30 Mairch 2010.
14. "Financial Times". ft.com. FT. Retrieved 7 Juin 2016.
15. "Human Development Report 2015" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 17 Februar 2016.
16. "NATO - Member countries". NATO. NATO. Retrieved 29 December 2014.

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