Raphael

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino^[2] (Aprile 6 or Mairch 28, 1483 – Aprile 6, 1520^[3]), better kent simply as Raphael, wis an Italian painter an airchitect o the Heich Renaissance. His wirk is admired for its clarity o form, ease o composeetion, an veesual achievement o the Neoplatonic ideal o human grandeur. Thegither wi Michelangelo an Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the tradeetional trinity o great masters o that period.^[4]

Raphael
Presumed portrait o Raphael[1]
Born	Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino 28 Mairch 1483(1483-03-28) or 6 Apryle 1483(1483-04-06) Urbino, Duchy o Urbino
Dee'd	6 Apryle 1520(1520-04-06) (aged 37) Roum, Papal States
Kent for	Pentin Airchitectur
Notable wirk(s)	list
Muivement	High Renaissance

Raphael wis enormously productive, runnin an unusually lairge wirkshop an, despite his daith at 37, leavin a lairge bouk o wark. Mony o his warks are foond in the Vatican Palace, whaur the frescoed Raphael Rooms war the central, an the lairgest, wark o his career. The best kent work is The Schuil o Athens in the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura. Efter his early years in Roum muckle o his wark wis executit bi his wirkshop frae his drawins, wi conseederable loss o quality. He wis extremely influential in his lifetime, tho ootside Roum his wirk wis maistly kent frae his collaborative prentmakkin.

Efter his daith, the influence o his great rival Michelangelo wis mair widespread till the 18t an 19t centuries, whan Raphael's mair serene an hermonious qualities war again regairdit as the heichest models. His career faws naiturally intae three phases an three styles, first descrived bi Giorgio Vasari: his early years in Umbrie, then a period o aboot fower year (1504–1508) absorbin the airteestic tradeetions o Florence, follaed bi his last hectic an triumphant twal years in Roum, wirkin for twa Papes an thair close associates.^[5]

References

1. Jones an Penny, p. 171. The portrait o Raphael is probably "a later adaptation of the one likeness which all agree on": that in The School of Athens, vouched for bi Vasari.
2. Variants include "Raffaello Santi", "Raffaello da Urbino" or "Rafael Sanzio da Urbino". The surname "Sanzio" derives frae the latinization o the Italian Santi intae Santius. He normally signed documents as "Raphael Urbinas"—a latinized form. Gould:207
3. Jones an Penny, p. 1 an 246. He dee'd on his 37t birthday; accordin tae different soorces, his birth an daith baith occurred on Guid Fryday. The matter haes been muckle discussed, as baith canna be true.
4. See, for example Honour, Hugh; Fleming, John (1982). A World History of Art. London: Macmillan Reference Books. p. 357. ISBN 9780333235836. OCLC 8828368.
5. Vasari, pp. 208, 230 and passim.

Soorces

• Vasari, Life of Raphael frae the Lives of the Artists, edeetion uised: Artists of the Renaissance selectit & ed Malcolm Bull, Penguin 1965 (page nos frae BCA edn, 1979)
• Roger Jones an Nicholas Penny, Raphael, Yale, 1983, ISBN 0-300-03061-4