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The Euphrates (i/juːˈfreɪtiːz/; Arabic: الفرات: al-Furāt, Hebrew: פרת: Prat, Turkis: Fırat, Kurdish: Firat) is the langest an ane o the maist historically important rivers o Wastren Asie. Thegither wi the Tigris, it is ane o the twa definin rivers o Mesopotamie. Oreeginatin in eastren Turkey, the Euphrates flows through Sirie an Iraq tae join the Tigris in the Shatt al-Arab, which empties intae the Persie Gulf.
Euphrates | |
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The Euphrates near Halabiye (Syria); the archaeological steid Zalabiye can be seen in the backgrund on the left bank. | |
Map o the combined Tigris–Euphrates drainage basin (in yellae) | |
Basin | |
Main source | Murat Su, Turkey 3,520 m (11,550 ft) |
2nt source | Kara Su, Turkey 3,290 m (10,790 ft) |
River mooth | Shatt al-Arab Al-Qurnah, Basra Govrenorate, Iraq 31°0′18″N 47°26′31″E |
Basin size | 500,000 km2 (190,000 sq mi)approx. |
Pheesical chairacteristics | |
Lenth | 2,800 km (1,700 mi)approx. |
Dischairge |
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Features | |
Tributars |
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The earliest references tae the Euphrates come frae cuneiform texts foond in Shuruppak an pre-Sargonic Nippur in soothren Iraq an date tae the mid-third millennium BCE. In these texts, written in Sumerie, the Euphrates appears as Buranuna (logographic: UD.KIB.NUN). The name coud an aw be written KIB.NUN.(NA) or dKIB.NUN, wi the prefix "d" indicatin that the river wis deified. In Sumerie, the name o the ceety o Sippar in modren-day Iraq wis an aw a written UD.KIB.NUN, indicatin a historically strang relationship atween the ceety an the river. In Akkadian, the Euphrates wis cried Purattu.[1] The modren spellin o the Euphrates derives frae the Auld Persie Ufrātu via Middle Persie Frat intae Turkis Fırat. The Persie Ufrātu (meanin the guid) is an aw the source o the Greek spellin Εὐφράτης (Euphrates).[2]
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