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Yucatán (Spaingie pronunciation: [ʝukaˈtan]), offeecially the Free an Sovereign State o Yucatán (Spaingie: Estado Libre y Soberano de Yucatán), is ane o the 31 states which, wi the Federal Destrict, comprise the 32 Federal Entities o Mexico. It is dividit in 106 municipalities, an its caipital ceety is Mérida.
Yucatán | |
---|---|
Estado Libre y Soberano de Yucatán | |
Eik-name(s): | |
State o Yucatán athin Mexico | |
Coordinates: 20°50′0″N 89°0′0″W | |
Kintra | Mexico |
Caipital | Mérida |
Municipalities | 106 |
Admission | 23 December 1823[3][4] |
Order | 8t[a] |
Govrenment | |
• Govrenor | Ivonne Ortega Pacheco |
• Senators[5] | Beatriz Zavala Peniche Alfredo Rodríguez Cleominio Zoreda |
• Deputies[6] | Federal Deputies
|
Area | |
• Total | 39612 km2 (15,294 sq mi) |
Rankit 20t | |
Highest elevation | 210 m (690 ft) |
Population (2010)[9] | |
• Total | 1,955,577 |
• Rank | 21st |
• Density | 49/km2 (130/sq mi) |
• Density rank | 17t |
Demonym(s) | Yucateco (a) |
Time zone | UTC−6 (CST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
Postal code | 97 |
Aurie code | Aurie codes
|
ISO 3166 code | MX-YUC |
HDI | 0.821 high Rankit 20t |
GDP | US$ 9,191,180.625 th[b] |
Website | Offeecial Wab Steid |
^ a. Joined tae the federation unner the name o Federatit Republic o Yucatán, includit the modren states o Yucatán, Campeche an Quintana Roo. ^ b. The state's GDP wis 117,647,112 thoosan o pesos in 2008,[9] amoont correspondin tae 9,191,180.625 thoosan o dollars, being a dollar wirth 12.80 pesos (value o 3 Juin 2010).[10] |
It is locatit in Sootheastren Mexico, on the north pairt o the Yucatán Peninsulae. It is bordered bi the states o Campeche tae the soothwast, Quintana Roo tae the northeast an the Guwf o Mexico lees aff its north coast.
Afore the arrival o Spaniards tae the Yucatán Peninsulae, the name o this region wis el Mayab.[11] In Mayan leid, "ma' ya'ab" is translatit as "a few". It wis a vera important region for the Mayan ceevilization, which reached the peak o its development on this place, where they foondit the ceeties o Chichen Itza, Izamal, Motul, Mayapan, Ek' Balam an Ichcaanzihóo (cried T'Hó), now Mérida.[12]
Efter the Spanish conquest, Yucatán Peninsulae wis a single admeenistrative an poleetical entity, the Caiptaincy General o Yucatán. Follaein unthirldom an the breakup o the Mexican Empire in 1823, the first Republic o Yucatán wis proclaimit which then wis voluntarily annexed tae the Federal Republic o Unitit Mexican States on 21 December 1823.[3] Later on 16 Mairch 1841, as result o cultural an poleetical conflicts aroond the federal pact, Yucatán declared unthirldom frae Mexico tae form a seicont Republic o Yucatán, but eventually on 14 Julie 1848, Yucatán wis definitely rejoined tae Mexico. In 1858, in the middle o the caste war, the state o Yucatan wis dividit for the first time, establishin Campeche as separate state (offeecially in 1863). Durin the Porfiriato, in 1902, the state o Yucatan wis dividit again tae form the Federal territory that later became the present state o Quintana Roo.[13]
The day, Yucatán is the safest state in Mexico[14][15] an Mérida wis awairdit Ceety o Peace in 2011.[16][17]
The name Yucatán, assigned tae the peninsulae an aw, came frae early splorations o the Conquistadors frae Europe. There are reliable versions that the name wis result frae confusion atween the Mayan inhabitants an the first Spainyie splorers aroond 1517:
Probably the first narrator's o "A dae no unnerstaund" version wis the friar Toribio de Benavente, in his beuk Historia de los indios de la Nueva España (History o the Indians o New Spain) says:
“ | "acause talkin wi those Indians o the coast, whaiver the Spainyie asked the Indians respondit: «Tectetán, Tectetán», which means: «A daena unnerstaund you, A daena unnerstaund you»: ...they corruptit the wird, an no unnerstaundin wha the Indians said, they said: «Yucatán is the name o this land»; an the same happened in a place..., a cape, which they cried cape Cotoch an aw; an Cotoch in that leid means hoose".[18] | ” |
Anither version is frae Bernal Díaz del Castillo. In his beuk Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España (True History o the Conquest o New Spain), he says Yucatá means "land o yucas",[19] a plant that wis cultivatit bi the Maya an wis an important fuid source for them.[20]
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