Umayyad Caliphate

The Umayyad Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة الأموية‎, trans. Al-Khilāfat al-ʾumawiyya) wis the seicont o the fower major Islamic caliphates established efter the faith o Muhammad.

Umayyad Caliphate الخلافة الأموية Al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawiyyah (in Arabic)
661–750
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The Umayyad Caliphate at its greatest extent.
Caipital	Damascus (661–744) Harran (744–750)
Common leids	Arabic (offeecial) – Coptic, Greek, Persie (offeecial in certain regions till the reign o Abd al-Malik) – Aramaic, Armenian, Berber leid, African Romance, Georgian, Turkic, Kurdish, Prakrit
Releegion	Sunni Islam
Govrenment	Caliphate
Caliph
• 661–680	Muawiya I
• 744–750	Marwan II
History
• Muawiya becomes Caliph	661
• Defeat an daith o Marwan II bi the Abbasids	750
Aurie
750 CE (132 AH)	15,000,000 km2 (5,800,000 sq mi)
Population
• 750 CE (132 AH)	34000000
Currency	Gowd dinar an dirham
Precedit bi Succeedit bi Rashidun Caliphate Byzantine Empire Visigothic Kinrick Abbasid Caliphate Emirate o Córdoba
The day pairt o	Leet  Afghanistan  Algerie  Andorrae  Armenie  Azerbaijan  Bahrain  Chad[2]  Cyprus  Egyp  Eritrea[3]  Fraunce  Georgie  Gibraltar (UK)  Greece[4][5]  Iran  Iraq  Israel  Jordan  Kazakhstan  Kuwait  Kyrgyzstan  Lebanon  Libie  Mauritanie  Morocco  Niger[6]  Oman  Pakistan Palestinian Authority  Portugal  Qatar  Roushie  Saudi Arabie  Somalie[7]  Spain  Sirie  Tajikistan  Tunisie  Turkey  Turkmenistan  Unitit Arab Emirates  Uzbekistan  Yemen  Wastren Sahara

References

1. "The Umayyads ruled for ninety years, taking white as their symbolic color as a reminder of the Prophet's first battle at Badr, and to distinguish themselves from the Abbasids, by using white, rather than black, as their color of mourning." Abdul Hadi, Evolution of the Arab Flag, 1986. "With its white flag, the Chinese Tang Dynasty referred to it [the Umayyad Dynasty] in historical literature as ' Baiyi Dashi,' the 'White Garment Calips.'" Li Qingxin, Maritime Silk Road, trans. W. W. Wang (2006), p. 47.
2. The Peoples, Sekene Mody Cissoko, History of Humanity:From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century, Vol. IV, ed. M.A. Al-Bakhit, L. Bazin and S.M. Cissoko, (UNESCO, 2008), 1190.
3. Jonathan Miran, Red Sea Citizens: Cosmopolitan Society and Cultural Change in Massawa, (Indiana University Press, 2009), 100.
4. Khalid Yahya Blankinship, The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads, (SUNY Press, 1994), 286.
5. Khalid Yahya Blankinship, The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads, 147.
6. Stefan Goodwin, Africas Legacies Of Urbanization: Unfolding Saga of a Continent, (Rowman & Littlefield, 2006), 85.
7. Islam in Somali History:Fact and Fiction, Mohamed Haji Muktar, The Invention of Somalia, ed. Ali Jimale Ahmed, (The Red Sea Press, Inc., 1995), 3.