Teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie

The classification seestem o the teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie, the umwhile Soviet Union, an some ither post-Soviet states haes certain peculiarities compared tae the classification seestems in ither kintras.

Modren classification in Roushie

Durin the Soviet time, each o the republics o the Soviet Union, includin the Russian SFSR, haed its awn legislative documents dealin wi classification o inhabitit localities.^[1] efter the dissolution o the Soviet Union, the task o developin an maintainin such classification in Roushie wis delegatit tae the federal subjects.^[2] While currently there are certain peculiarities tae classifications uised in mony federal subjects, they are all still lairgely based on the seestem uised in the RSFSR. In aw federal subjects, the inhabitit localities are classifeed intae twa major categories: urban an rural.^[3] Further diveesions o these categories vary slichtly frae ane federal subject tae another,^[2] but they aw follae common trends describit belaw.

Urban localities

• Ceeties an touns (город, gorod; pl. города, goroda). Ceeties an touns are classifeed bi their level o jurisdiction (destrict/federal subject/federal). While the Roushie leid haes nae separate wirds for "toun" an "ceety" ("город" is uised for baith), in translation, the wird "ceety" is traditionally appleed tae the urban localities wi a population o at least 100,000.

• Urban-teep dounsets (посёлок городского типа, posyolok gorodskogo tipa; pl. посёлки городского типа) is a teep o smawer urban locality. This teep o urban locality wis first introducit in the Soviet Union in 1924, wi the follaein subcategories:^[4]
  • Urban-teep dounset proper—maistly urban population o 3,000–12,000.
    • Wirk settlement (рабочий посёлок, rabochy posyolok)—maistly urban population occupeed in industrial manufactur.
    • Suburban (dacha) settlement (дачный посёлок, dachny posyolok)—typically, a suburban settlement wi simmer dachas.
    • Resort settlement (курортный посёлок, kurortny posyolok)—maistly urban population occupeed in services.

In 1957, the procedurs for categorizin urban-type settlements wur further refined.^[5]

Rural localities

Multiple teeps o rural localities exist, some common through the whole territory o Roushie, some specific tae certain federal subjects. The maist common types include:

• Veelages (деревня, derevnya; pl. деревни, derevni)
• Selos (село, selo; pl. сёла, syola), an aw translatit as veelage
• (Landwart-teep) settlements (посёлок (сельского типа), posyolok (selskogo tipa); pl. посёлки (сельского типа)). The "landwart-teep" (сельского типа) designation is addit tae the dounsets the population o which is maistly occupeed in agricultur, while posyolok (посёлок) proper indicates a mix o population wirkin in agricultur an industry.
• Stanitsas (станица, stanitsa; pl. станицы, stanitsy)—historically, a Cossack rural locality. The name is still currently in uise, wi the basic meanin o "veelage".
• Slobodas (слобода, sloboda; pl. слободы, slobody)—historically, a settlement freed frae taxes an levies for various raisons. The name is still currently in uise wi the basic meanin o "veelage".
• Khutors (хутор, khutor; pl. хутора, khutora)—translatit as "hamlet", "fermstead", or "veelage".
• Pochinoks (починок, pochinok; pl. починки, pochinki)—a newly formit rural locality o ane or several faimilies. Pochinoks are established as new dounsets an uisually grow intae lairger veelages as they develop.
• In some federal subjects, ethnic terminology is uised in the Roushie leid. Such locality teeps include аул (aul), аал (aal), an кишлак (kishlak).

Historical terms

• Krepost (крепость, a fort), a fortifeed settlement. A Kremlin, Roushie citadel, is a major krepost uisually includin a castle an surroondit bi posad. Ostrog, on the ither haund, wis a mair primitive kynd o krepost which coud be put up quickly athin rough waws o debarkit pointit timber.
• Posad (посад), a medieval suburban settlement.
• Mestechko (местечко, frae Pols: miasteczko; Yiddish: shtetl‎), a sma toun in Western Krai annexed durin the Pairtitions o Poland; typically wi Jewish majority.

See an aw

• Subdiveesions o Roushie
• Toun o destrict significance
• Ceety o federal subject significance
• Leet o terms for kintra subdiveesions

References

1. In the Russian SFSR, the issues of the administrative and territorial division, including the system of classification of the inhabited localities, was regulated by the Statute On Procedure of Resolving the Issues of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the RSFSR, approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on August 17, 1982 (Положение "О порядке решения вопросос административно-территориального устройства РСФСР", утверждённое Указом Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 августа 1982 г.)
2. Airticles 71 an 72 o the Constitution o Roushie dae no name issues o the admeenistrative an territorial structur amang the tasks handled on the federal level or jointly wi the govrenments o the federal subjects. As such, aw federal subjects pass their awn laws establishin the seestem o the admeenistrative-territorial diveesions on their territories.
3. See, for example, the results o the 2002 population Census Archived 2017-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
4. Постановление ВЦИК и СНК РСФСР от 15 сентября 1924 г. "Общее положение о городских и сельских поселениях и посёлках" (Resolution of the All-Union Executive Committee and the Soviet of People's Commissars of September 15, 1924 General Statute on Urban and Rural Settlements)
5. Указ Президиума ВС РСФСР от 12 сентября 1957 г. "О порядке отнесения населённых пунктов к категории городов, рабочих и курортных посёлков" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of September 12, 1957 On Procedures of Categorizing the Inhabited Localities as Cities, Work and Resort Settlements)