Rutherfordium

Rutherfordium is a chemical element wi symbol Rf an atomic nummer 104, named tae gie mense tae physicist Ernest Rutherford.

Rutherfordium, ₁₀₄Rf

Rutherfordium
Pronunciation	i/ˌrʌðərˈfɔːrdiəm/ ​(RUDH-ər-FOR-dee-əm)
Mass number	[267]
Rutherfordium in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium Hf ↑ Rf ↓ (Uph) lawrencium ← rutherfordium → dubnium
Atomic nummer (Z)	104
Group	group 4
Period	period 7
Block	d-block
Element category	Transeetion metal
Electron confeeguration	[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2[1][2]
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit (predictit)[3][2]
Meltin pynt	2400 K ​(2100 °C, ​3800 °F) (predictit)[3][2]
Bylin pynt	5800 K ​(5500 °C, ​9900 °F) (predictit)[3][2]
Density (near r.t.)	23.2 g/cm3 (predictit)[3][2][4]
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	(+2), (+3), +4[1][2][4] (Template:Engvar: prediction)
Ionisation energies	1st: 579.9 kJ/mol 2nd: 1389.4 kJ/mol 3rd: 2296.4 kJ/mol (more) (all estimated)[2]
Atomic radius	empirical: 150 pm (estimatit)[2]
Covalent radius	157 pm (estimatit)[3]
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	synthetic
Creestal structur	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (predicted)[5]
CAS Nummer	53850-36-5
History
Namin	after Ernest Rutherford
Diskivery	Jynt Institute for Nuclear Research (1964)
Main isotopes o rutherfordium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 261Rf syn 70 s[6] >80% α 257No <15% ε 261Lr <10% SF 263Rf syn 15 min[6] <100% SF ~30% α 259No 265Rf syn 1.0+1.2 −0.3 min​[7][8][9] SF 266Rf? syn 10? h SF?/α? 267Rf syn 1.3 h[6] SF 268Rf? syn 6? h SF?/α?
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References

1. "Rutherfordium". Royal Chemical Society. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
2. Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.
3. Chemical Data. Rutherfordium - Rf, Royal Chemical Society
4. Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
5. Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11). Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.
6. Sonzogni, Alejandro. "Interactive Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 6 Juin 2008.
7. Ellison, P.; Gregorich, K.; Berryman, J.; Bleuel, D.; Clark, R.; Dragojević, I.; Dvorak, J.; Fallon, P.; et al. (2010). "New Superheavy Element Isotopes: ²⁴²Pu(⁴⁸Ca,5n)²⁸⁵114". Physical Review Letters. 105 (18): 182701. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.105r2701E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.182701. PMID 21231101.
8. http://cyclotron.tamu.edu/she2015/assets/pdfs/presentations/Utyonkov_SHE_2015_TAMU.pdf
9. Utyonkov, V. K.; Brewer, N. T.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Grzywacz, R. K.; Itkis, M. G.; Miernik, K.; Polyakov, A. N.; Roberto, J. B.; Sagaidak, R. N.; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Shumeiko, M. V.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Voinov, A. A.; Subbotin, V. G.; Sukhov, A. M.; Sabel'nikov, A. V.; Vostokin, G. K.; Hamilton, J. H.; Stoyer, M. A.; Strauss, S. Y. (15 September 2015). "Experiments on the synthesis of superheavy nuclei ²⁸⁴Fl and ²⁸⁵Fl in the ^239,240Pu + ⁴⁸Ca reactions". Physical Review C. 92 (3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034609.