Inner Lunnon
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Inner Lunnon (Inglis: Inner London) is the name for the group o Lunnon burghs which form the interior pairt o Greater Lunnon and are surroondit bi Ooter Lunnon. Wi its oreegins in the Bills o mortality, it became fixed as a aurie for statistics in 1847 an wis uised as a aurie o local govrenment frae 1855 tae 1965. It nou haes twa common definitions. The first is the statutory definition delineatit in the Lunnon Govrenment Act 1963, comin intae force on 1 Apryle 1965, comprisin twal Inner Lunnon burghs an amaist identical tae the Coonty o Lunnon that wis abolished at the same time.[1] The seicont is the current definition uised bi the Office for National Statistics comprisin eleiven o the statutory Inner Lunnon burghs an twa o the statutory Ooter Lunnon burghs, an the Ceety o Lunnon.[2]
Inner Lunnon | |
|---|---|
.svg) Statutory definition | |
.svg) Statistical definition | |
| Kintra | Unitit Kinrick |
| Kintra | Ingland |
| Region | Lunnon |
| Admeenistrative aurie | Greater Lunnon |
| Area | |
| • Total | 319 km2 (123 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 3,231,901 |
| • Density | 10,000/km2 (26,000/sq mi) |
| NUTS | UKI1 |
Inner Lunnon is smawer than Ooter Lunnon baith in terms o population an aurie, but the density o population is mair nor double that o Ooter Lunnon. Inner Lunnon is offeecially the richest aurie in Europe wi the maist expensive street in Europe, GDP per caipita is nearly US$80,000 while the UK GDP per capita is nearly US$46,000. Mony o the warld's richest fowk live in Inner London, but thare is widespread poverty an aw.[3] Central Lunnon is locatit at the core o Inner Lunnon.
Backgrund
The aurie that is nou Inner Lunnon wis defined bi the Registrar General as a collection o pairishes cried "Lunnon" an appeared in the 1851 Census. At the time the metropolitan aurie—commonly cried the Metropolis—haed its oreegins in the aurie o the Bills o mortality that haed expandit frae the tiny Ceety o Lunnon intae three surroondin coonties ower the previous several hunder years. The aurie become fixed in 1847 wi the addeetion o Lewisham Poor Law Union an the pairish o Hampstead.[4] In 1855 the Registrar General aurie, wi the addeetion o Penge, wis uised tae define the destrict o the Metropolitan Board of Works.[5] The Metropolis wis describit as Inner Lunnon frae the 1881 Census an aw.[6] In 1889 this aurie became the Coonty o Lunnon. The aurie wis adjustit in 1900 when Penge wis transferred tae Kent an South Hornsey wis gained frae Middlesex.
London Government Act 1963
The "Inner Lunnon burghs" wur defined bi the Lunnon Govrenment Act 1963.[7] The Inner Lunnon burghs occupee'd the same aurie as the Coonty o Lunnon that wis abolished as they wur creatit. North Woolwich wis a anomaly as it wis pairt o the Coonty o Lunnon, but became pairt o a Ooter Lunnon burgh.
The main difference atween Inner an Ooter Lunnon burghs atween 1965 an 1990 wis that the cooncils o the inner burghs wur no local eddication authorities an thare wis a single Inner Lunnon Education Authority for the aurie, includin the Ceety o Lunnon. The inner burgh cooncils became local eddication authorities on 1 Apryle 1990.
The statutory definition is uised as pairt o the grant dounset uised tae finance local govrenment.[8] Newham Lunnon Burgh Cooncil campaigns for recognition as an Inner Lunnon burgh cooncil for central govrenment grants, as this wad hae financial benefits for the burgh. It is no currently considered a Inner Lunnon burgh as, wi the exception o North Woolwich, it did no fuirm pairt o the Coonty o Lunnon.[2]
The statutory Inner Lunnon burghs are:
The Ceety o Lunnon wis no designatit as a Inner Lunnon burgh, but the Corporation o Lunnon is usually classed as an inner Lunnon local authority.[9]
Statistics
The Office for National Statistics an Eurostat define Inner Lunnon differently, explicitly includin the Ceety o Lunnon, addin Haringey an Newham, but excludin Greenwich.[10] The land aurie is 319 km2 (123 sq. miles) an the population in 2011 wis 3,231,901.[11]
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1891 | 4,488,242 |
| 1901 | 4,859,558 |
| 1911 | 4,998,237 |
| 1921 | 4,972,870 |
| 1931 | 4,893,261 |
| 1939 | 4,364,457 |
| 1951 | 3,679,390 |
| 1961 | 3,492,879 |
| 1971 | 3,031,935 |
| 1981 | 2,550,100 |
| 1991 | 2,599,300 |
| 2001 | 2,859,400 |
| 2011 | 3,231,901 |
Figurs afore 1971 hae been reconstructit bi the Office for National Statistics based on past censuses in order tae fit the 2001 limits. Figurs frae 1981 onwaird are ONS midyear estimates (revisit as o 2010).[12]
Efter centuries o increase, the population o Inner Lunnon reached a peak o 4,998,237 in 1911. The population o Inner Lunnon then began a steady decline as the population continued tae increase in Ooter Lunnon. Bi 1951 the population o Greater Lunnon as a whole wis in decline an Inner Lunnon reached its nadir in 1981 wi a population o 2,550,100. Subsequently, the trend reversed an the population o Inner Lunnon recovered tae 3,231,901 in 2011, some 1,766,336 short o the 1911 peak.
For the purposes o the Lunnon Plan plannin document producit bi the Mayor o Lunnon, Inner Lunnon consists o the Ceety o Lunnon, aw the statutory Inner Lunnon burghs an Newham.[13]
The aurie covered bi the Lunnon postal destrict is sometimes referred tae as 'Inner London'.[14] Housomeivver it is no coterminous wi ither definitions o Inner Lunnon as its aurie is somewha lairger an covers 624 km2 (241 sq. miles). The soothren pairt o the London Borough of Lewisham as well as a smaw pairt o the Royal Borough of Greenwich faw ootside its boondars whilst 44 o its 119 destricts are in Ooter Lunnon an its irregular shape stretches tae the Greater Lunnon boondar at Mill Hill an Scratch Wood an ayont it at Sewardstone.
Frae 1990 tae 2000 Lunnon uised twa separate telephone dialling codes wi ane code designated for Inner Lunnon, housomeivver the aurie covered bi this code wis widely different frae aw o the abuin definitions an maist o Greater Lunnon is nou covered bi a single 020 diallin code.
Thare are approximately 200,000 businesses wi aroond 2,000,000 employees in Inner Lunnon. 56% o aw private sector jobs in Greater Lunnon are locatit in Inner Lunnon.[15] Thare is significant commutin o wirkers frae Ooter Lunnon an frae ootside Greater Lunnon. Hintle o the commercial activity is focused on Central Lunnon an Canary Wharf. 10% o public sector employment is focussed on Wastmeenster aroond the Govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick.[15]
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