Anthony Eden

Robert Anthony Eden, 1st Earl o Avon, KG, MC, PC (12 Juin 1897 – 14 Januar 1977) wis a Breetish Conservative politeecian who served three periods as Foreign Secretar an then a relatively brief term as Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick frae 1955 tae 1957.

The Richt Honourable The Earl o Avon KG, MC, PC
Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick
In office 6 Aprile 1955 – 10 Januar 1957
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Precedit bi	Sir Winston Churchill
Succeedit bi	Harold Macmillan
Depute Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick
In office 26 October 1951 – 6 Aprile 1955
Prime Meenister	Sir Winston Churchill
Precedit bi	Herbert Morrison
Succeedit bi	Rab Butler[a]
Leader o the Conservative Pairty
In office 6 Aprile 1955 – 10 Januar 1957
Precedit bi	Sir Winston Churchill
Succeedit bi	Harold Macmillan
Secretar o State for Foreign Affairs
In office 28 October 1951 – 7 April 1955
Prime Meenister	Sir Winston Churchill
Precedit bi	Herbert Morrison
Succeedit bi	Harold Macmillan
In office 22 December 1940 – 26 Julie 1945
Prime Meenister	Winston Churchill
Precedit bi	The Viscount Halifax
Succeedit bi	Ernest Bevin
In office 22 December 1935 – 20 Februar 1938
Prime Meenister	Stanley Baldwin Neville Chamberlain
Precedit bi	Sir Samuel Hoare, Bt
Succeedit bi	The Viscoont Halifax
Leader o the Hoose o Commons
In office 22 Februar 1942 – 26 Julie 1945
Prime Meenister	Winston Churchill
Precedit bi	Sir Stafford Cripps
Succeedit bi	Herbert Morrison
Secretar o State for War
In office 11 Mey 1940 – 22 December 1940
Prime Meenister	Winston Churchill
Precedit bi	Oliver Stanley
Succeedit bi	David Margesson
Secretar o State for Dominion Affairs
In office 3 September 1939 – 14 Mey 1940
Prime Meenister	Neville Chamberlain Winston Churchill
Precedit bi	Sir Thomas Inskip
Succeedit bi	The Viscount Caldecote
Laird Privy Seal
In office Juin 1934 – 7 Juin 1935
Prime Meenister	Ramsay MacDonald
Precedit bi	Stanley Baldwin
Succeedit bi	The Marquess o Londonderry
Member o Pairlament for Warwick an Leamington
In office 6 December 1923 – 10 Januar 1957
Precedit bi	Ernest Pollock
Succeedit bi	John Hobson
Personal details
Born	Robert Anthony Eden 12 Juin 1897(1897-06-12) Windlestone Haw, Coonty Durham, Ingland
Dee'd	14 Januar 1977(1977-01-14) (aged 79) Alvediston, Salisbury, Wiltshire, Ingland
Restin place	Kirkyard o St Mary's, Alvediston
Naitionality	Breetish
Poleetical pairty	Conservative
Spoose(s)	Beatrice Beckett (m. 1923; div. 1950) Clarissa Spencer-Churchill (m. 1952; his daith 1977)
Bairns	Simon Robert Nicholas
Alma mater	Christ Kirk, Oxford
Profession	Member o Pairlament
Religion	Anglican
Militar service
Allegiance	Unitit Kinrick
Service/brainch	Breetish Airmy
Years o service	1914–1918, 1939[1]
Rank	Major
Unit	Keeng's Ryal Rifle Corps
Battles/wars	Warld War I
Awairds	Militar Cross
a. ^ Office vacant frae 6 Aprile 1955 tae 13 Julie 1962.

Achievin rapid promotion as a young Member o Pairlament, he becam Furrin Secretar aged 38, afore resignin in protest at Neville Chamberlain's appeasement policy taewart Mussolini's Italy.^[2][3] He again held that poseetion for maist o the Seicont Warld War, an a third time in the early 1950s. Haein been depute tae Winston Churchill for awmaist 15 years, he succeedit him as the leader o the Conservative Pairty an prime meenister in Apryle 1955, an a month later wan a general election.

Eden's warldwide reputation as an opponent o appeasement, a "man o peace", an a skilled diplomat wis owershaidaed in 1956 whan the Unitit States refuised tae support the Anglo-French militar response tae the Suez Creesis, that creetics athort pairty lines regairdit as an historic setback for Breetish foreign policy, seegnallin the end o Breetish predominance in the Middle East.^[4] Maist historians argie that he made a series o blunners, espeicially nae realisin the deepth o American opposeetion tae militar action.^[5] Twa month efter orderin an end tae the Suez operation, he resigned as prime meenister on grunds o ill heal an acause he wis widely suspectit o haein misled the Hoose o Commons ower the degree o collusion wi Fraunce an Israel.^[6]

Eden is generally rankit amang the least successfu Breetish prime meenisters o the 20t century,^[7] awtho twa braidly sympathetic biografies (in 1986 an 2003) hae gane some wey tae shiftin the balance o opeenion.^[8] Biografer D. R. Thorpe descrived the Suez Creesis as "a truly tragic end tae his premiership, an ane that came tae assume a disproportionate importance in ony assessment o his career."^[9]

References

1. As Territorial, pre-ootbreak o Warld War II.
2. Robert Mallett, "The Anglo‐Italian war trade negotiations, contraband control and the failure to appease Mussolini, 1939–40." Diplomacy and Statecraft 8.1 (1997): 137–167.
3. Churchill 1948
4. David Dutton: Anthony Eden. A Life and Reputation (London, Arnold, 1997).
5. Tony Shaw, Eden, Suez & the Mass Media: Propaganda & Persuasion during the Suez Crisis (1996)
6. Keith Layborn (2002). Fifty Key Figures in Twentieth Century British Politics. Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 9781134588749. Archived frae the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 8 Mey 2016.
7. "Churchill 'greatest PM of 20th Century'". bbc.co.uk. Archived frae the original on 29 October 2005. Retrieved 29 December 2005.
8. Robert Rhodes James (1986) Anthony Eden; D.R. Thorpe (2003) Eden
9. Thorpe (2003) Eden