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Analytic philosophy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Analytic philosophy (whiles analytical philosophy) is a style o philosophy that acame dominant in Inglis-speakin kintras during the 20t century. In the Unitit Kinrick, Unitit States, Canadae, Australie, New Zealand an Scandinavie, the great majority o varsity filosofie depairtments identify themsels as "analytic" depairtments.[1]
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The term "analytic philosophy" can refer tae:
- A filosofical practice[2][3] characterised bi an emphasis on argumentative clarity an preceesion (eften achieved bi means o formal logic an analysis o leid) an a tendency tae uise, or refer tae, mathematics an the naitural sciences.[4][5][6]
- The mair specific set o developments o early 20t-century filosofie that war the heestorical antecedents o the current practice: e.g., the wirk o Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, G. E. Moore, Gottlob Frege, an logical positivists. In this mair specific sense, analytic filosofie is identified wi speceefic filosofical traits (mony o which are rejectit bi mony contemporary analytic filosofers), sic as:
- The logical-positivist principle that thare are nae ony speceefically filosofical facts an that the object o filosofie is the logical clarification o thochts. This mey be contrastit wi the tradeetional foondationalism, which considers filosofie tae be a special science (i.e. the discipline o knawledge) that investigates the fundamental raisons an principles o everything.[7] Consequently, mony analytic filosofers hae considert thair inquiries as continuous wi, or subordinate tae, those o the naitural sciences. This is an attitude that begins wi John Locke, wha describit his wirk as that o an "unnerlabourer" tae the achievements o naitural scientists sic as Newton. Durin the twentiet century, the maist influential advocate o the continuity o filosofie wi science wis Willard Van Orman Quine.[8]
- The principle that the logical clarification o thouchts can be achieved anly bi analysis o the logical form o filosofical proposeetions.[9] The logical form o a proposeetion is a wey o representin it (eften uising the formal grammar an seembolism o a logical seestem), tae reduce it tae simpler components if necessar, an tae display its seemilarity wi aw ither proposeetions o the same teep. Houever, analytic filosofers disagree widely aboot the correct logical form o ordinar leid.[10]
- The neglect o generalised filosofical seestems in favour o mair restrictit inquiries statit rigorously,[11] or ordinary leid.[12]