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Ammonia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ammonia or azane is a compoond o nitrogen an hydrogen wi the formula NH3. It is a colourless gas wi a characteristic pungent smell. Ammonia contreibutes signeeficantly tae the nutreetional needs o terrestrial organisms bi serving as a precursor tae fuid an fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is an aa a biggin-block for the synthesis o mony pharmaceuticals an is uised in mony commercial cleanin products. Altho in wide uise, ammonia is baith caustic an hazardous. The global industrial production o ammonia for 2012 wis anticipatit tae be 198 million tonnes,[7] a 35% increase ower the estimatit 2006 global output o 146.5 million tonnes.[8]
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Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Azane | |||
Ither names
Hydrogen nitride Trihydrogen nitride | |||
Identifiers | |||
CAS Nummer |
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3D model (JSmol) |
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3DMet | B00004 | ||
Beilstein Reference |
3587154 | ||
ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider |
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EC Nummer | 231-635-3 | ||
Gmelin Reference | 79 | ||
KEGG |
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MeSH | Ammonia | ||
PubChem CID |
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RTECS nummer | BO0875000 | ||
UNII | |||
UN nummer | 1005 | ||
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SMILES
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Properties | |||
NH3 | |||
Molar mass | 17.031 g/mol | ||
Appearance | Colourless gas | ||
Odour | strong pungent odor | ||
Density | 0.86 kg/m3 (1.013 bar at boiling point) 0.73 kg/m3 (1.013 bar at 15 °C) 681.9 kg/m3 at −33.3 °C (liquid)[1] 817 kg/m3 at −80 °C (transparent solid)[2] | ||
Meltin pynt | −77.73 °C (−107.91 °F; 195.42 K) | ||
Bylin pynt | −33.34 °C (−28.01 °F; 239.81 K) | ||
Solubility in watter |
47% (0 °C) 31% (25 °C) 28% (50 °C)[3] | ||
Solubility | soluble in chloroform, ether, ethanol, methanol | ||
Vapour pressur | 8573 h Pa | ||
Acidity (pKa) | 32.5 (−33 °C),[4] 10.5 (DMSO) | ||
Basicity (pKb) | 4.75 | ||
Refractive index (nD) | 1.3327 | ||
Viscosity | 0.276 cP (-40 °C) | ||
Structur | |||
Molecular shape | Trigonal pyramid | ||
Dipole moment |
1.42 D | ||
Thermochemistry | |||
Staundart molar entropy S |
193 J·mol−1·K−1[5] | ||
Std enthalpy o formation ΔfH |
−46 kJ·mol−1[5] | ||
Hazards | |||
GHS pictograms | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||
GHS hazard statements | H221, H280, H314, H331, H400[6] | ||
GHS precautionary statements | P210, P261, P273, P280, P305+351+338, P310[6] | ||
NFPA 704 | ![]()
1
3
0 | ||
Flash pynt | flammable gas (see text) | ||
Explosive leemits | 15–28% | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (Median dose) |
0.015 mL/kg (human, oral) | ||
US heal exposur leemits (NIOSH): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
50 ppm (25 ppm ACGIH- TLV; 35 ppm STEL) | ||
Relatit compoonds | |||
Ither cations |
Phosphine Arsine Stibine | ||
Except whaur itherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
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Infobox references | |||
NH3 boils at −33.34 °C (−28.012 °F) at a pressur o 1 atmosphere, so the liquid must be stored unner heich pressur or at law temperatur. Hoosehauld ammonia or ammonium hydroxide is a solution o NH3 in watter. The concentration o such solutions is measured in units o the Baumé scale (density), wi 26 degrees baumé (aboot 30% (by weight) ammonia at 15.5 °C) bein the teepical heich-concentration commercial product.[9]