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Aladdin is a 1992 American animatit muisical fantasie film produced bi Walt Disney Feature Animation an released bi Walt Disney Pictures. Aladdin is the 31st Disney animatit featur film, an wis pairt o the Disney film era kent as the Disney Renaissance. The film wis directit bi John Musker an Ron Clements, an is based on the Arab folktale Aladdin an the Magic Lamp frae Ane Thoosand an Ane Nichts. The vyce cast featurs Scott Weinger, Robin Williams, Linda Larkin, Jonathan Freeman, Frank Welker, Gilbert Gottfried, an Douglas Seale.
 | The "Scots" that wis uised in this airticle wis written bi a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid. Please mak this airticle mair better gin ye can. |
| Aladdin | |
|---|---|
Theatrical release poster; airt bi John Alvin | |
| Directit bi | Ron Clements John Musker |
| Produced bi | Ron Clements John Musker |
| Written bi | Ron Clements John Musker Ted Elliott Terry Rossio |
| Based on | Aladdin and the Magic Lamp frae One Thousand and One Nights |
| Starnin |
|
| Muisic bi | Alan Menken |
| Eeditit bi | Mark A. Hester H. Lee Peterson |
Production company | Walt Disney Pictures Walt Disney Feature Animation |
| Distributit bi | Buena Vista Pictures |
Release date |
|
Rinnin time | 90 minnets |
| Budget | $28 milȝeoun[1] |
| Box office | $504.1 milȝeoun[1] |
Lyricist Howard Ashman first pitched the idea, an the screenplay went throu three drafts afore then-Disney Studios preses Jeffrey Katzenberg greed tae it bein made. The animators based thair designs on the wark o caricaturist Al Hirschfeld, an computers war uised for baith finishin the artwork an creautin some animatit elements. The muisical score wis scrieved bi Alan Menken an featurs sax sangs wi lyrics scrieved bi baith Ashman an Tim Rice, wha teuk ower efter Ashman's daith.
Aladdin wis released on November 25, 1992 an wis the maist successfu film o 1992, earnin ower $217 milȝeoun in revenue in the Unitit States, an ower $504 milȝeoun warldwide. The film won mony awairds an aw, maist o them for its soundtrack. Aladdin's success led tae ither material inspired bi the film, includin twa direct-to-video sequels, The Return o Jafar an Aladdin an the King o Thieves, an animatit telly series o the same name, toys, video gemmes, spin-affs, includin a live-action remake, a prequel anent the genie titled Genies, Disney merchandise, an a Broadway adaptation whilk stairted in 2014.
Jafar, Ryal Vizier o the fictional toon o Agrabah, is plaiced nearlins the watters o Jordan. His taulkin papingoe, Iago, seeks oot a magyk lamp hidden amid the Cave o Wonders. Thay're tellt that ainly yin body is worthy tae put in. The 'diamant in the ruff', wham Jafar later identifees as Aladdin, an Agrabah wynd urchin. Princess Jasmine o Agrabah, pure upset that the law requires her tae mairie a prince insteid o the yin she luves, escapes the pailace an meets Aladdin an his pet monkey, Abu. The pailace guards capture Aladdin on Jafar's orders. Jasmine confronts Jafar tae demand Aladdin's release, bit he lies an says that Aladdin haes bin kilt.
Disguised as an auldjin, Jafar frees Aladdin an Abu an brings thaim tae the cave, ordering thaim tae retrieve the lamp. Efter bein telt tae titch hee haw bit the lamp, Aladdin finds a magic cairpet ben an obtains the lamp. Forgetting the cave's ruil, Abu grabs a jewel. Aladdin, Abu, an the cairpet rush tae escape the cave at the doon fallin; Aladdin gies the lamp tae Jafar, wha throws baith Aladdin an Abu back intae the cave, tho nae afore Abu steals the lamp back. Trapped, Aladdin rubs the lamp an meets the genie wha bides ben it. The genie grants Aladdin three wishes. Aladdin tricks the genie intae freeing thaim aw fae the cave athoot usin a wish. He uses his foremaist wish tae assume the identity o a prince tae woo Jasmine, an promises tae uise his third wish tae free the genie fae servitude.
At Iago's request, Jafar plots tae acome Sultan by marrying Jasmine. Aladdin, as "Prince Ali Ababwa", arrives in Agrabah wi a lairge host, bit Kasmine becomes crabbit whin he discusses her fate wi her faither the Sultan an Jafar athoot her. As a means o apology, Aladdin steals Jasmine on a hurl on the magic cairpet. Whin she deduces his true identitie, he convinces her that he ainlie dresses as a peasant tae escape the stresses o ryal lee. Efter Aladdin brocht Jasmine hame, the palace guards captur Aladdin on Jafar's behest an throw him intae the sea. The genie appears en saves him at the cost o his seicont wish. Aladdin returns tae the pailace an expones Jafar's evil plot. Jafar flees efter spotting the lamp an sicweys discoverin Aladdin's true identity.
Fearing that he wull lose jasmine if the truth is revealed, Aladdin breaks his promise an refuses tae unthirl the genie. Iago steals the lamp, an Jafar becomes the genie's nou master. He uses his foremaist twa wishes tae acome Sultan an the world's maist powerful sorcerer. He then expones Aladdin's identity an exiles him, Abu, an the cairpet tae a frozen wasteland. Thay escape an return tae the palace. Jasmine tries tae hulp Aladdin steal the lamp back, bit Jafar notices an overpowers the heroes wi his magic. Aladdin taunts Jafar fur bein less powerful than the genie, tricking Jafar intae usin his lest wish tae acome an aw-powerful genie hissel. Noo bound tae his nou lamp, Jafar ends up trapped ben it, takkin Iago wi him.
Wi Agrabah returned tae normal, the genie banishes Jafar's lamp an advises Aladdin uise his third wish tae regain his ryal title sae the law wull allou him tae bade wi jasmine. Aladdin decides insteid tae keep his promise an frees the genie. Realising Aladdin an Jasmine's luve, the Sultana changes the law tae allou Jasmine tae mairie wham she chooses. The genie leaves tae explore the world, while Aladdin and Jasmin stairt thair freish lee thegither.
In 1988, lyricist Howard Ashman pitched the idea o an animated musical adaptation o Aladdin. Ashman haed written a 40-page film treatment remainin faithful tae the plot an characters o the original story, but envisioned as a campy 1930s-style musical wi a Cab Calloway/Fats Waller-lik Genie.[15] Alangside pairtner Alan Menken, Ashman conceived several sangs an eikit Aladdin's friends named Babkak, Omar, an Kasim tae the story.[16][17] Hooanever, the studio wis dismissive o Ashman's treatment an removed the project frae development in which Ashman an Menken war later recruited tae compone songs for Beauty an the Beast.[18] Linda Woolverton, wha haed worked on Beauty an the Beast an aw, uised thair treatment an developit a draft wi inspired elements frae The Thief o Bagdad sic as a villain named Jaf'far, an aged sidekick retired human thief named Abu, an a human handmaiden for the princess.[19][20] Then, directors John Musker an Ron Clements jynt the production, picking Aladdin oot o three projects affered, which included an adaptation o Swan Lake an King o the Jungle – that eventually became The Lion King.[21] Afore Ashman's daith in Mairch 1991, Ashman an Menken haed componed "Prince Ali" an his last song, "Humiliate the Boy".[22]
Musker an Clements wrate a draft o the screenplay, an then delivered a storie reel tae studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg in Apryle 1991.[17] Katzenberg thocht the script didnae engage, an on a day kent bi the staff as "Black Friday", demaunded that the entire storie be rewrate athoot reschedulin the film's November 25, 1992 release date.[23] Amang the changes Katzenberg requested frae Clements an Musker war tae nae be dependent on Ashman's vision,[16] an the remuival o Aladdin's mither, remarkin, "eighty-six the mither. The maw's a zero."[24] Screenscreivin duo Ted Elliott an Terry Rossio war brocht in tae rewark the storie,[17] an the changes thay med included the remuival o Aladdin's mither, the strenthenin o the character o Princess Jasmine, an the deletion o a wheen o the Ashman-Menken songs.[25] Aladdin's personalitie wis rewritten tae be "a wee bit rucher, like a young Harrison Ford,"[17][26] an the papingoe Iago, wha was originallie a stiff Inglis archetype, wis rewirked intae a comic rôle efter the filmmakars saw Gilbert Gottfried in Beverly Hills Cop II. Gottfried wis cast tae gie Iago's his vyce.[27] Bi October 1991, Katzenberg wis blythe wi the new version o Aladdin.[15] As wi Woolverton's screenplay, a wheen o characters an plot elements are based on the 1940 version o The Thief o Bagdad,[28][29] the location o the film wis changed frae Baghdad, Iraq, tae the fictional Arabian citie o Agrabah.[30]
Ane o the first issues that the animators faced durin production wis the depiction o Aladdin himsel.[31] Director an producer John Musker explains:
| “ | In early screenings, we played with him being a little bit younger, and he had a mother in the story. [...] In design he became more athletic-looking, more filled out, more of a young leading man, more of a teen-hunk version than before.[31] | ” |
He wis first gaun tae be 13 year old, but later becam 18.[31] Aladdin wis ettled bi a team led bi supervisin animator Glen Keane, an wis original made tae resemmle actor Michael J. Fox. Durin production, it wis decidit that the design wis too laddish an wisna "appealing enouch", sae the character wis redrawn tae add airts derived frae actor Tom Cruise an Calvin Klein models.[7]
The design for maist characters wis based on the wark o caricaturist Al Hirschfeld,[10] whilk production designer Richard Vander Wende said wis appropriate tae the theme, due tae similarities tae the swooping lines o Persian miniatures an Arabic calligraphy.[32] Jafar's design wis nae based on Hirschfeld's work acause Jafar's supervising animator, Andreas Deja, wanted the character tae be contrastin.[33] Each character wis animated alone, wi the animators consulting ilk ither tae mak scenes wi interrelatin characters. Syne Aladdin's animator Glen Keane wis wirkin in the California branch o Walt Disney Feature Animation, an Jasmine's animator Mark Henn wis in the Florida ane at Disney-MGM Studios, thay haed tae frequently phone, fax or send designs an discs tae ilk ither.[34] Animator Randy Cartwright describit wirkin on the Magic Carpet as challengin, syne it is anly a rectangular shape, wha expresses himsel throu pantomime – "It's sort o like actin bi origami".[34] Cartwright kept foldin a piece o cloth while animatin tae see hou tae position the cairpet.[34] Efter the character animation wis done, the cairpet's surface design wis applee'd digital-like.[10]
Fur the scenery design, layoot supervisor Rasoul Azadani teuk mony pictures o his hametoon o Isfahan, Iran for guidal.[8] Ither inspirations for design war Disney's animated films frae the 1940s an 50s an the 1940 film The Thief of Bagdad.[34] The colouring wis done wi the Computer Animation Production System, an the colour motifs war chose accordin tae the personalitie – the protagonists uise licht colours sic as blue, the antagonists darker yins sic as reid an black, an Agrabah an its pailace uise the neutral colour yellae.[8][10] Computer animation wis uised for some elements o the film, sic as the tiger entrance o the Cave o Wonders an the scene whaur Aladdin tries tae escape the collapsing cave.[10]
Musker an Clements creatit the Genie wi Robin Williams in mind; even tho Katzenberg suggestit actors sic as John Candy, Steve Martin, an Eddie Murphy, Williams wis approached an eventually acceptit the role. Williams came for vyce recording sessions during breaks in the shooting o twa ither films he wis starring in at the time, Hook an Toys. Unusual fur an animated film, a gey bit o Williams' dialogue wis mad up on the spot: for some scenes, Williams wis gien topics an diallog suggests, but alloued tae improvise his lines.[10] It wis estimatit thit Williams improvised 52 characters.[35] Eric Goldberg, the supervisin animator for the Genie, then reviewed Williams' recorded diallog an selected the best gags an lines that his crew wad creaut character animation tae match.[10]
The producers eikit mony in-jokes an references tae Disney's previous warks in the film, sic as a "cameo appearance" frae directors Clements an Musker an drawing some characters based on Disney workers.[11] Beast, Sebastian frae The Little Mermaid, an Pinocchio mak brief appearances,[8] an the wardrobe o the Genie at the end o the film—Goofy hat, Hawaiian sark, an sandals—are a reference tae a cutty film that Robin Williams did fur the Disney-MGM Studios tour in the late 1980s.[11]
In gratitude for his success wi Touchstone Pictures' Good Morning, Vietnam, Robin Williams voiced the Genie for SAG scale pey ($75,000) insteid o his asking fee o $8 milȝeoun, on condeetion that his name or image widna be uised for marketing, an his (supporting) character nae tak mair nor 25% o space on advertising artwork, syne Williams' film Toys wis scheduled for release ane month efter Aladdin's debut. For financial reasons, the studio went back on the deal on baith counts, especially in poster airt bi haein the Genie in 25% o the image, but haein ither major an supporting characters portrayed considerably smawer. The Disney Hyperion beuk Aladdin: The Making o an Animated Film listed baith o Williams' characters "The Peddler" an "The Genie" ahead o main characters, but wis forced tae refer tae him anly as "the actor signed tae play the Genie".[7][36][37]
Disney, while nae uisin Williams’ name in commercials as per the contract, uised his vyce for the Genie in the commercials an uised the Genie character tae sell toys an fast fuid tie-ins, athoot haein tae pey Williams additional money; Williams unhappily quipped at the time “The anly reason Mickey Mouse haes three fingers is acause he can’t pick up a check.” Disney attempted tae assuage Williams bi sending him a Pablo Picasso pentin worth mair nor $1 milȝeoun at the time, but this muive failed tae repair the damaged relationship, as the pentin wis a self-portrait o the airtist as Vincent van Gogh which apparently really "clashed" wi the Williams' wilder hame decor.[38] Williams refused tae sign on for Aladdin 2, sae it wis Dan Castellaneta that voiced the Genie. When Jeffrey Katzenberg wis replaced bi Joe Roth as Walt Disney Studios chairman, Roth gied a public apology tae Williams.[39]
Composer Alan Menken an songwriters Howard Ashman an Tim Rice war praised for creautin a soundtrack that is "consistently guid, rivaling the best o Disney's ither animated musicals from the '90s."[40] Menken an Ashman began work on the film thegither, wi Rice takkin ower as lyricist efter Ashman died o AIDS-relatit complications in early 1991.[41] Awtho fourteen songs war written for Aladdin, anly sax are featurt in the movie, three bi each lyricist.[42] The DVD Special Edition released in 2004 includes fower songs in early animations tests, an a music video o ane, "Proud o yer Boy", performed bi Clay Aiken,[43] which appears on the album DisneyMania 3 an aw.[44]
The filmmakers thocht the moral message o the original tale wis nae appropriate, an decidit tae "put a spin on it", bi makin the fulfillment o wishes seem lik a guid hing, but eventually acomin a problem.[32] Anither major theme wis avoiding an attempt tae be what the person is nae – baith Aladdin an Jasmine get intae trouble faking tae be different fowk,[8] an the Prince Ali persona fails tae impress Jasmine, wha anly faws for Aladdin whan she finds oot wha he truly is.[45] Bein "imprisoned" is discussed, a fate that occurs tae maist o the characters – Aladdin an Jasmine are stuck tae thair lifestyles, Genie is attached tae his lamp an Jafar, tae the Sultan – an is represented visually bi the prison-lik walls an bars o the Agrabah pailace, an the scene involvin caged birds which Jasmine later frees.[8] Jasmine is depicted as a different Disney Princess, bein rebellious tae the ryal life an the social structur,[46] an tryin tae mak her ain wey, unlik the princesses wha juist wait for rescue.[34]
A lairge promotion campaign preceded Aladdin's debut in theaters, wi the film's trailer bein attached tae maist Disney VHS releases, an numerous tie-ins an licensees bein released.[47] Efter a leemitit release on November 13, 1992,[48] Aladdin debuted in 1,131 theaters on November 25, 1992, grossing $19.2 milȝeoun in its openin weekend – nummer twa at the box affice, behind Home Alone 2: Lost in New York.[49] It teuk aicht weeks for the film tae reach nummer ane at the US box affice, breaking the record for the week atween Christmas an New Year's Eve wi $32.2 milȝeoun.[50] The film held the tap spot five times during its 22-week run.[51] Aladdin wis the maist successfu film o 1992 grossing $217 milȝeoun in the United States an ower $504 milȝeoun warldwide.[1] It wis the biggest gross for an animated film until The Lion King twa years later, an wis the first full-length animated film tae gross $200 milȝeoun in North Americae.[52] As o Januar 2014, it is the thirtieth highest grossing animated film an the third highest grossing tradeetionally animated feature warldwide, behind The Lion King an The Simpsons Movie.[53] It sauld an estimatit 52,442,300 tickets in the US.[54]
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The review aggregator wabsteid Rotten Tomatoes reportit that 94% o critics gae the film a guid review based on a sample o 68 reviews, wi an average score o 8.1/10.[55]
Most critics' praise went tae Robin Williams' performance as Genie,[55] wi Janet Maslin o The New York Times declaring that childer "needn't know precisely what Mr. Williams is evoking tae understand hou funny he is".[56] Warner Bros. Cartoons director Chuck Jones even cried the film "the funniest feature ever made."[17] Furthermair, Inglis-Erse comedian Spike Milligan considered it tae be the greatest film o aw time.[57] James Berardinelli gae it 3.5 oot o 4 stars, praising the "crisp visuals an wonderful song-and-dance numbers".[58] Peter Travers o Rolling Stone said the comedy made the film accessible tae baith childer an adults,[59] a vision shared wi Desson Howe o The Washington Post, wha said "kids are still going tae be entranced bi the magic an adventure."[60] Brian Lowry o Variety praised the cast o characters, describing the expressive magic cairpet as "its most remarkable accomplishment" an considered that "Aladdin overcomes most story flaws thanks to sheer technical virtuosity".[61]
Some aspects o the film war criticised. Ed Gonzalez o Slant Magazine wrate a negative review, describing the film as racist, ridiculous, an a "narcissistic circus act" frae Robin Williams.[62] Roger Ebert, wha generally praised the film in his review, considered the music inferior tae its predecessors The Little Mermaid an Beauty an the Beast, an claimed Aladdin an Jasmine war "pale an routine." He criticised what he saw as the film's uise o ethnic stereotypes, writing: "Most of the Arab characters have exaggerated facial characteristics - hooked noses, glowering brows, thick lips - but Aladdin and the princess look like white American teenagers."[63]
Aladdin received mony award nominations, maistlins for its music. It won twa Academy Awards, Best Music, Original Score an Best Music, Original Song for "A Whole New World" an receiving nominations for Best Sang ("Friend Like Me"), Best Sound Editing (Mark A. Mangini), an Best Sound (Terry Porter, Mel Metcalfe, David J. Hudson an Doc Kane).[64] At the Golden Globes, Aladdin won Best Original Song ("A Whole New World") an Best Original Score, as well as a Special Achievement Award for Robin Williams, wi a nomination for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.[65] Ither awairds included the Annie Award for Best Animated Feature,[66] a MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance tae Robin Williams,[67] Saturn Awards fur Best Fantasy Film, Performance by a Young Actor tae Scott Weinger an Supporting Actor tae Robin Williams,[68] the Best Animated Feature bi the Los Angeles Film Critics Association,[69] an fower Grammy Awards, Best Soundtrack Album, an Song of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal an Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media for "A Whole New World".[70]
The film is recognised bi American Film Institute in thir lists:
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
Friend like me - Nominated.
A whole new world - Nominated.
The film wis first released in VHS on October 1, 1993, as pairt o the "Walt Disney Classics" line. In its first week, Aladdin sauld ower 10.6 milȝeoun copies,[71] an went on tae sell ower 25 milȝeoun in tot (a record anly broken bi the later release o The Lion King).[72] This VHS edition entered moratorium on Apryle 30, 1994.[73] A THX-certified widescreen LaserDisc wis issued in Autumn 1994,[74] an a Spaingie-dubbed VHS for the American mercat wis released on Apryle 14, 1995.[75]
On October 5, 2004, Aladdin wis released on DVD, as pairt o Disney's Platinum Edition line. The DVD release featurt retouched an cleaned-up animation, prepared fur Aladdin's planned but ultimately cancelled IMAX reissue in 2003,[76] an a seicont disc wi bonus features. Accompanied bi a $19 milȝeoun marketing campaign,[77] the DVD sauld aroon 3 milȝeoun units in its first month, but it wis less nor the nummer o copies, sauld in that amount o time, bi ony ither Platinum Edition released aforehaund.[78] The film's soundtrack wis available in its original Dolby 5.1 track or in a new Disney Enhanced Home Theater Mix.[43] The DVD went intae moratorium in Januar 2008, alang wi its sequels.[79]
Accordin tae an insert in the Lady an the Tramp Diamond Edition release case, Aladdin wis gart tae be released on Blu-ray Disc as a Diamond Edition in Spring 2013.[80] Insteid, Peter Pan wis released on Blu-ray as a Diamond Edition on Februar 5, 2013 tae celebrate its 60t anniversar.[81][82] A non-Diamond Edition Blu-ray wis released in a few select European kintras in Mairch 2013. The Belgian edition (released athoot adverts) comes as a 1-disc version wi its extras pit ower frae the Platinum Edition DVD. The same disc wis released in the United Kinrick on Apryle 14, 2013.[83] Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the film on a Diamond Edition Blu-ray on October 13, 2015. The film wis released on Digital HD on September 29, 2015.[84][85][86] Upon its first week o release on hame media in the U.S., the film tapped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart an debuted at nummer 2 at the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks oweraw disc sales behind the disaster film San Andreas.[87]
Ane o the verses o the openin sang "Arabian Nichts" wis altered follaein protests frae the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC). The lyrics war changed in Julie 1993 frae "Where they cut aff yer ear if they dinnae like yer face," in the original release tae "Where it's flat an immense an the heat is intense." The chynge first appeared on the 1993 video release.[88] The original lyric wis intact on the initial CD soundtrack release, but the re-release uses the edited lyric. The rerecording haes the original vyce on aw ither lines an then a noticeably deeper vyce says the edited line. The Broadway adaptation uses the edited line.[89] Entertainment Weekly ranked Aladdin in a leet o the maist controversial films in history, due tae this incident.[90] The ADC complained aboot the portrayal o the lead characters Aladdin an Jasmine. Thay criticised the characters' Englified an pail features, an Inglis-American accents, in contrast tae the ither characters in the film, which are dark-skinned, hae foreign accents an grotesque facial features, an appear villainous or greedy.[88]
Protests war raised tae anither scene. When Aladdin is attacked bi the tiger Rajah on the pailace balcony, Aladdin quietly says a line that some fowk reportit hearing as "guid teenagers, take aff yer clothes,"[91] which thay considered a subliminal reference tae promiscuity. Hooanever, accordin tae the commentary track on the 2004 DVD, while Musker an Clements did admit Scott Weinger mad up on the spot during the scene, thay claimed "we did not record that, we would not record that," an said the line wis "guid tiger, take aff an gae..." an the wird "tiger" is owerlapped bi Rajah's snarl.[92] Efter the wird tiger, a seicont vyce can be heard which haes been suggestit wis accidentally grafted onto the soundtrack. Because o the controversy, Disney removed the line on the DVD release.[93]
Animation enthusiasts hae noticed similarities atween Aladdin an Richard Williams' unfinished film The Thief an the Cobbler (kent forby as Arabian Knicht unner Miramax Films an The Princess an the Cobbler unner Majestic Films Internaitional). Thir similarities include a seemilar plot, seemilar characters, scenes an background designs, an the antagonist Zig-Zag's resemblance in character design an mannerisms tae Genie an Jafar.[94][95] Tho Aladdin wis released prior tae The Thief an the Cobbler, The Thief an the Cobbler initially began production much earlier in the 1960s, an wis mired in difficulties includin financial problems, copyright issues, story revisions an late production times caused bi separate studios tryin tae finish the film efter Richard Williams wis fired frae the project for lack o finished work.[96] The late release, coupled wi Miramax purchasing an re-editing the film, haes whiles resulted in The Thief an the Cobbler bein labeled a rip-aff o Aladdin.[95]
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