Ikirundi ni ururimi ruvugwa n'abantu barenga imiriyoni icumi. Hamwe n'igifaransa, ikirundi ni ururimi rwemewe n'amategeko kandi rukoreshwa mu gihugu c'Uburundi. Ururimi rw'ikirundi turusanga ruvugwa mumpande zose z'igihugu c'uburundi. Ikirundi gishaka gusa n’ikinyarwanda (mumvugo no munyandiko), ururimi rw’Abanyarwanda, kigashaka gusa kandi n’igiha be n'igihangaza, indimi zivugwa muri Tanzaniya cane cane kumbibe ivyo bihugu bihana. Ikirundi nirwo rurimi kama ruvugwa mu Burundi, rukavugwa mumpande zose z'igihugu c'Uburundi (mumitumba hamwe no mubisagara).

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Batwa women in Uburundi
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Flag of Uburundi

Ikirundi ni ururimi ruri mu ndimi zo muri afrika bantu. Rwubatswe n'amajambo kama be n'amajambo yatiwe muzindi ndimi zibanyi nk'igiswahiri be no mu ndimi z'abakoroni (igifaransa n'ikidagi) rukagengwa n'amategeko y'indimburo. Inyandiko y'ikirundi ikoresha indome ndatini, ni ukuvuga indome z'ikiratini. Cokimwe n'izindi ndimi, kumenya kuvuga ikirundi, kucandika, kugitahura be n'indimburo vy'ikirundi bisaba kuvyiga.

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FLII Uburundi

Inyandiko y’Ikirundi: Ingorane nkurunkuru

Inama nkarishabwenge igira gatatu y'abigisha ikirundi mu mashure yisumbuye yabereye i Bujumbura kuva ku wa 29 Myandagaro gushika ku wa 2 Nyakanga 1983, yari yatumiye n’abigisha ikirundi muri Kaminuza y’Uburundi hamwe n’abashingwakirundi bo mu biro vy’Indero Kavukire (B.E.R.). Iyo nama yarihweje ingorane nkurunkuru zerekeye inyandiko y’ikirundi, yongera iratorera umuti izitari nke. Ngizi ingingo zapfunditswe n’iyo nama nkarishabwenge:

Ayandi makuru INGORANE, UTURORERO ...
INGORANEUTUROREROIRYAPFUNDITSWEINSIGURO CANKE IMVO
1. l/rA. umuliro/umuriro
lero/rero
A. umuriro
rero
Mu kirundi iryo jwi ryegereye r gusumba l
B. Polo/Poro
Repubulika/Repuburika
Amadolari/Amadorari
B. Poro
Repuburika
Amadorari
B. Amajambo matirano afatwa nk’ay’ikirundi, kuko aheza akigana inyubako n’imvugo y’ururimi rutira. Ni hamwe n’uburyo amajwi aheza agakurikirana.


Uturorero:

  • Umukirisu: ntibavuga umukristu.
  • Ikawa yitwa robisita: ntibavuga robista.
  • Intara ya Afirika: ntibavuga Afrika.
2. s/sh
  1. urusato/urushato
    amasaka/amashaka
    isaka/ishaka
    igisaka/igishaka
  2. igishakashaka/igisakasaka
  1. urusato
    amasaka/amashaka
    isaka/ashaka
    igisaka
  2. igishakashaka
Kwandika ukurikije imvugo y’Abarundi.
3. s/ns
  1. umusi/umunsi
    imisi/iminsi
  2. isomerwa/insomerwa
  1. umusi
    imisi
  2. isomerwa
Kwandika ukurikije imvugo y’Abarundi benshi
4. f/pf
  1. umupfakazi/umufakazi
    gupfupfahaza/gufufahaza
    umupfumu/umufumu
    kwipfuza/kwipfuza
  2. umupfa/umufa
    ipfu/ifu
    gupfutera/gufutera
  1. umupfakazi
    gupfupfahaza
    umupfumu
    kwipfuza
  2. umufa
    ifu
    gufutera
Kwandika ukurikije imvugo y’Abarundi benshi.
Kumenyesha urwaruka ikirudi c’itsitso.
5. rw/gw
  1. kurwara/kugwara
    indwara/ingwara
    kurwana/kugwana
    indwano/ingwano
    urwarwa/ugwagwa
    urwiri/ugwiri
  2. kurwa/kugwa
    kurwabira/kugwabira
    umurwi/umugwi
  1. kurwana
    indwara
    kurwana
    indwano
    urwarwa
    urwiri
  2. kugwa
    kugwabira
    umugwi
Kwandika ukurikije imvugo y’Abarundi benshi
6. bw/bgkubwira/kubgira
imbwa/imbga
kubwira
imbwa
Mu vy’ukuri si bw kandi si bg. Ariko abanditsi benshi bamenyereye bw.
7. rty/tyirtyazo/ityazo
gurtyo/gutyo
ndtya/ntya
ityazo
gutyo
ntya
Mu mvugo bamwe bakoresha rty, ndty, abandi ty, nty. Ariko ibigereranye ni ty, nty.
8. k/kw
  1. kwurira/kurira
    kwongera/kongera
    kwubaka/kubaka
  2. noheza nkurira/noheza nkwurira
    nkongera/nkwongera
    nkubaka/nkwubaka
    nkicara/nkwicara
  3. nka kurya kw’urubeya/k’urubeya
  4. akana k’ubwenge/kw’ubwenge
  1. kwurira
    kwongera
    kwubaka
  2. nkurira
    nkongera
    nkubaka
    nkicara
  3. kw’urubeya
  4. akana k’ubwenge
  1. Itsitso ni -urir-, onger-, ubak-. ku- na yo ni inyitangizo y’umuvugire wa kigenze. Ijwi u ryo kuri ku- ricika incamwanya w kuko rikurikiwe n’irindi jwi rivuga mw’ijambo rimwe.
  2. Ibihimba ni:
    /n-ka-urir-a/
    /n-ka-onger-a/
    /n-ka-ubak-a/
    /n-ka-icar-a/
    Mw’ijambo ijwi a rikurikiwe n’ayandi avuga atangura itsitso bararisimba:
    /n-k(a)-urir-a/
    /n-k(a)-onger-a/
    /n-k(a)-ubak-a/
    /n-k(a)-icar-a/
    Muramenye: amajwi a na i arakunda kurondana akavyara e. Uturorero:
    amenyo = /a-ma-inyo/
    benshi = /ba-inshi/ .
  3. kwa = /ku-a/ kwa ni indongorazina, mugabo mu majambo abiri amajwi avuga akurikiranye, irya mbere bararisimba.
  4. ka = insanisha.
9. ny/nnyyaganye inzoga/
yagannye inzoga
twarakanye ingoma/
twarakannye ingoma
umuryango warahonye/
umuryango warahonnye
yaganye

twarakanye

warahonye
Urwaruka rusigaye ruvuga ny.
10. k/g
  1. ikiti/igiti
    ikikere/igikere
    nya gikoko kica
    kipfira hano/
    nya gikoko gica
    gipfira hano.
  2. igikere na co kiti/
    igikere na co giti
  3. igitabu kitubwira/
    gitubwira
  1. igiti
    igikere
    nya gikoko gica
    gipfira hano.
  2. kiti
  3. kitubwira
  1. Amajwi agumye
    y'inyitangizo
    arahinduka akoroha
    iyo itsitso
    ry'ijambo
    ritangurwa
    n'irigumye
  2. Kwandika ukurikije
    imvugo y'Abarundi
  3. kitubwira =
    /ki-tu-bwir-a/
    ki- = iny.
    -tu- = ind.
    -bwir- = its.
    -a = agas.
    Inyitangizo
    n'itsitso
    ntibikurikirana.
11. n/nyiryungane/iryunganyeiryunganeni ryo rimenyerewe
12. n/nmnmaze/maze
yanmenye/yamenye
maze
yamenye
Ni yo nyandiko ibangukiye abantu batari abahinga.
Ugara
Ayandi makuru UTURORERO TW'INGORANE, IRYAPFUNDITSWE ...
UTURORERO TW'INGORANEIRYAPFUNDITSWEINSIGURO CANKE IMVO
1. Ivyo ari vyo vyose/
Ivy'ari vyo vyose
Ivyo ari vyo vyoseMu ryungane amajambo yose arandikwa.

Muramenye: iyo ako kajambo ivyo ari ins. nsanisha, ijwi o risubirirwa n'agakwabu ko hejuru imbere y'ijwi rivuga.

Uturorero:
Ivy 'aha vyama mu nzira.
Ivy 'abakuru birubahwa.

No ku zindi nsigarirazina nsanisha ni hamwe:
Ak 'imuhana kaza imvura ihise.
Iz 'umutware ziratashe.
Ab 'ino ni ko bameze.

2. Yohani yari iguye/
Yohani yari aguye
Yohani yari aguyeUmugwi wa mbere w'amazina ufise inyitangizo rukozi a-. Abavuga yari iguye barahuba kuko basimba ijwi rya kabiri aho gusimba irya mbere.
3.
  1. Yohani na Petero bajanye/vyajanye
  2. Yohani na ya nyabu bajanye/vyajanye
  3. Yohani na ya ntebe baguye/vyaguye
  1. bajanye
  2. vyajanye
  3. vyajanye
Inyitangizo rukozi y’umugwi wa kabiri w’amazina ni ba-, igihe ata gikoko canke ikintu kirimwo. Muri ico gihe ica iba bi-.
4.
  1. Amazina y'urunani y'urusangi
    1. Amazina y'ubucuti
    2. Izina ry'urunani rigizwe n'amazina abiri
    3. Amazina abiri afatanijwe n'insanisha
    4. Amazina agizwe n'amavuga abiri
    5. Amazina y'urunani agizwe n'ayandi majambo adasangiye ubwoko
    6. Amazina yunzwe n'agace nya canke ene
  2. Amazina y'urunani y'uruharo
    1. Amazina arimwo insanisha
    2. Amazina atarimwo insanisha
    3. Izina riherekejwe n'utundi tujambo turirangura
    1. serugo, inarugo, sokuru, nyokuru, marume, sowanyu, mwenewanyu, datawacu, karumunake, ...
    2. inka – muntu
      umwana - mugabo
    3. inka y'irembo
      inkono y'itabi
    4. somambike
      igisoromandandura
    5. ikibonamaso
      amayirabiri
    6. umunyabwoba
      Umwenengwe
      akenese
    1. Maguru ya nyarwari
      Rukundo rwa Ntare
    2. Rutegeramisi
      Kibikizozejo
      Ndayamutaye
    3. Rufuku rwafukuye
      Uburundi

      Kivumu kitari
      ikivumuvumu
    1. Amazina y'ubucuti yandikwa mw'ijambo rimwe
    2. ayo mazina atandukanywa n'agakwego
    3. Ayo mazina yandikwa mu majambo atatu
    4. Ayo mazina yandikwa mw'ijambo rimwe
    5. Ayo mazina yandikwa mw'ijambo rimwe
    6. Ayo mazina yandikwa mw'ijambo rimwe
    1. Ayo mazina yandikwa mu majambo atatu
    2. Ayo mazina yandikwa mw'ijambo rimwe
    3. Iryo zina riraheza rikandikwa ukwaryo, ayandi majambo na yo akandikwa ibisanzwe.
5.
  1. nyene
    1. Nyene + izina
    2. Nyene + irivuga
      nyene + ins.
  2. nyene
    1. mwene + izina ry'urusangi
    2. mwene + izina ry'uruharo
    1. nyenigihugu
      nyeningoma
      nyenurugo
      nyeninzu
      nyenicubahiro
    2. nyene kurima
      nyene vyo
      nyene ho
    1. mwene senge
      mwene nyinabo
    2. mwene Nteturuye
    1. Vyandikwa mw'ijambo rimwe.
    2. Vyandikwa mu majambo abiri.
    1. Vyandikwa mu majambo abiri.
6. amazi yo gukaraba/
Amazi y'ugukaraba

Umwete wo kwiga/
Umwete w'ukwiga
Vyose birashoboka.
Mw'isomerwa umunyeshure
azokwandika ico yumvise.
Abarundi babivuga vyose.
7.
  1. Mu kubikora/
    mukubikora

    Mu kunebwa/
    mukunebwa
  2. Yuriye ku nzu/
    kunzu

    Yinjiye mu nzu/
    munzu
  3. Ku shami/kw'ishami
    ku nzu/kw'inzu
  1. mu kubikora

    mu kunebwa
  2. Yuriye
    ku nzu

    Yinjiye
    mu nzu
  3. kw'ishami
    ku nzu
    1. ku na mu ni utujambo twisangije ubwoko, tudakwiye gufatana n'ijambo turongoye.
8. mu ko/muko
ndabikora ubanza
kumpera
mu koIyi sahwanya igizwe na zibiri mu + ko .
Ni hamwe na:
mu kubikora ,
ko ndabikora .
9.
  1. I muhira/imuhira
    I ruhande/iruhande
    I mbere/imbere
    Inyuma/inyuma
  2. I Bujumbura/Ibujumbura
  3. Ha ruguru/haruguru
    Ha mbavu/hambavu
    Ha mbere/hambere
    Ha nyuma/hanyuma
  4. Iwanje/iwa nje
    Ukwiwe/Ukw'iwe
  5. ha + irivuga
  1. I muhira
    Iruhande
    Imbere
    Inyuma
  2. I Bujumbura
  3. haruguru
    hambavu
    hambere
    hanyuma
  4. iwanje
    ukwiwe
  5. ha gupfa
    wozanzama

    ha kurya wonywa
Indongorazina i , na ha
zirongoye izina, vyandikwa
mw'ijambo rimwe, kiretse
iyo zirongoye izina
ry'uruharo, no mw'ijambo
i muhira . Muri iryo jambo
hari aho batanavuga iyo
ndongorazina. Ahandi hose
izo ndongorazina zihindura
amazina mu ntumbuzi

D. Indongorazina iri muri satunga birafatana.

E. ha = hako.
Ni sahwanya.
10.
  1. Aho haragutse
    nayo/na yo hano haraga
  2. Naho/na ho
    niwagaruka
  3. Nako/na ko
    umengo araje
  4. Noneho/none ho
    araje
  1. nayo
  2. naho
  3. nako
  4. noneho
Ayo majambo yose ni za sahwanya. Uduce ho , ko , yo , nta co dusigura.
11.
  1. N'aho/naho
    wogaruka sinoguha
  2. N'iyo/niyo woza
    sinokubona
  1. n'aho
  2. n'iyo
Ngaha sahwanya zigizwe na zindi zibiri:
n'aho = na + aho ,
n'iyo = na + iyo .
12. Uwu mwaka na ho/naho
nyene tuzokwimbura
na ho na = sahwanya
ho = ins. muv. ngufi.
13. Imisi y'indwiku wa mbere
uwa mbere
uwa nyuma
Akajambo kerekana igiharuro
mbere kaja ukwako, akerekana
umurongo wa , uwa gutyo
, indongorazina ku gutyo nyene.
14. Ins. muv. ngufi +
uduce ho , ye , e , he .
Jeho, tweho, weho,
yemwe, yewe, ewe,
emwe, hemwe, hewe
Utwo duce nta bwoko twisangije,
twunga ins. muv.
15. Ins. muv. ngufi + nyene
  1. jenyene =
    nta we turi kumwe
  2. je nyene =
    jewe nyene
  3. bonyene =
    nta we bari kumwe
  4. bo nyene =
    bobo nyene
Ins. muv. ngufi zirongora agace nyene birafatana,
kiretse zikoreshejwe mu kibanza c'ins. muvugwa ndende.
16.
  1. ngo ego/ngw'ego
    ngo uyu muntu/
    ngw'uyu muntu aze
  2. kugira ngo aze/
    kugira ngw'aze
  3. uko aje/ukw'aje
  4. ko ushitse/
    kw'ushitse
  1. ngo ego
    ngo uyu muntu aze
  2. kugira ngo aze
  3. uko aje
  4. ko ushitse
Ijwi o rihereza sahwanya zimwezimwe ngo, kugira ngo, ko, uko, yuko rikurikiwe n'ijwi rivuga ritangura irindi jambo, n'aho ritavugwa rirandikwa.
17.
  1. Ni umuntu/n'umuntu
    Si umuntu/s'umuntu
  2. Abenshi ni ko bavuga/
    Abenshi niko bavuga

    Abenshi si ko bavuga/
    Abenshi siko bavuga

    Ego ni ko/ego niko

    Oya si ko/oya siko
  3. Avuga ko/avugako

  4. Bakame rero ni ko/
    niko kwibaza ruti

  5. Ni uko/nuko batevye mba ngiye

  6. Nuko/ni uko
    mukunzi muhire

    Ni uko/nuko rero
    Bakame rukagenda

    Ego ni uko/nuko
    Oya si uko/suko

  7. Ivyo ni vyo/nivyo
    mvuga

    Ivyo si vyo/sivyo
    mvuga

    Iyo ni yo/niyo
    mvo

    Iyo si yo/siyo
    mvo
  1. Ni umuntu
    Si umuntu
  2. Abenshi ni ko
    bavuga

    Abenshi si ko
    bavuga

    ego ni ko
    oya si ko
  3. avuga ko
  4. ni ko
  5. Ni uko batevye
  6. ni uko mukunzi
    muhire

    ni uko rero
    Bakame rukagenda

    Ego ni uko
    Oya si uko
  7. Ivyo ni vyo
    mvuga

    Ivyo si vyo
    mvuga
  8. Iyo ni yo mvo

Inshozi ni na si ni utujambo turi
ukwatwo, kamwe kakaba inyemezi
akandi impakanyi.

Utwo tujambo dutegerezwa kuguma ukwatwo kuko dushobora gusubirira amavuga mu mungane atagira amavuga.

Intumbuzi y'ukwemera ko ikurikiye irivuga canke inshozi biratandukana.
18. Ni mwinjire/
nimwinjire

Nti mwinjire/
ntimwinjire

Si ndabishaka/
sindabishaka
Nimwinjire

ntimwinjire

sindabishaka
Igihe utujambo ni na si ari
imenyetso nyemezi canke mpakanyi
z'irivuga, duca dufatana n'iryo rivuga.
19. Ng'uyu/nguyu
ng'abariya/ngabariya
Ng'uyu
ng'abariya
Inshozi ng iguma ukwayo kuko n'aho
yama ifatanye n'ins. rugena, yisangije ubwoko.
20. Ata cigeze/atacigeze
Nta cigeze/ntacigeze
Nta wurya/ntawurya
akatamugoye
ata cigeze
nta cigeze
nta wurya
akatamugoye
Utugetugetu tw'uguhakana nta na ata tuja
ukwatwo kuko ari amajambo yisangije ubwoko
21. Kugira ngo/kugirangoKugira ngoIyo sahwanya igizwe na zindi zibiri:
kugira na ngo .
22.
  1. Nkûkó/nk'ûkó

  2. Nkǔko/nk'ǔko
  1. nk'ûkó
  2. nk'ǔko
  1. Iyi sahwanya igizwe na zindi zibiri:
    nka na uko .
  2. Aya majambo ni abiri, rimwe ni sahwanya,
    irindi ni ins. rugena yubakiwe ku ndongorazina.
23. Avuze yuko/y'uko
ataza
yukoSahwanya ni yuko kuko y ntiyoba insanisha.
24. Ins. rugena + ri Uwo ari
we wese

Ico ari
co cose
Ijwi o rihereza ins. rugena irongoye irivuga
-ri rirandikwa.
25. Nzoza ejo/
Nzozejo
Nzoza ejoIrivuga ritegerezwa kwirebanga.
26.
  1. Ejo bundi/ejobundi

  2. Hirya y'ejo/hiryayejo
  1. ejobundi

  2. hirya y'ejo
  1. Iyo ntumbuzi yandikwa mw'ijambo rimwe

  2. Iyo ntumbuzi igizwe n'amajambo abiri
    afatanijwe n'insanisha.
27. Igitabu
ciwanje/c'iwanje
  1. ciwanje =
    canje
  2. c'îwânjé = c'i muhira
Bivana n'ico bashaka kuvuga:
canje = /ki-a-nje/
ciwanje = /i-a-iwa-nje/
c'îwânjé = /ki-a-i-iwa-nje/
28. Na , nka + Ins. Muv. ngufinanje, nkanje,
na je, nka je,
na bo, nka bo,
na vyo, nka vyo,
na co, nka co
Insigarirazina muvugwa ngufizikurikiye
sahwanya na na nka biratandukana, kiretse
kuri nanje na nkanje kubera ko iyo nje itabaho yonyene.
29. Irivuga +
+ sahwanya ko
Sinzi ko nzoza
ejo.

bavuga ko babizi
Iyi sahwanya ko bayandika ukwayo,
ishobora gusubirira yuko .
30. Na ko/nako
nkako/nka ko
nako
nkako
Vyandikwa mw'ijambo rimwe kuko ko nta
bwoko kisangije.
Nako umengo araje.
Kukaba nkako
31.
  1. Irivuga + intumbuzi y'ikibanza
    ko , ho , yo , mwo .

  2. Irivuga + ins. muv. ngufi
    ko , ho , yo .
  1. shirako,
    shirayo,
    shiramwo,
    shiraho,

    hariyo,
    hariho,
    harimwo,
    hariko,

    mfisemwo,
    mfiseho,
    mfiseko,
    mfiseyo.

  2. Bihereze Imana
    Bihereze yo .

    Shira ka kayabu
    kandi urabe yuko
    wahaye ko .

    Ubwo badodoye ho  ?
  1. Izi ntumbuzi uko ari zine: ko, ho, yo, mwo
    zikurikiye irivuga zitegerezwa gufatana na ryo.

  2. Igihe utujambo ko, ho, yo, ari
    ins. muv. ngufi, twandikwa ukwatwo.
32. Irivuga mperekeze
ri + ko
Uriko urarima
twariko turiga
Irivuga ri iyo ari mperekeze, rirafatana n'agace ko .
33. Amajambo yisubirizacanecane
bukebuke
buhorobuhoro
Ayo majambo yandikwa mw'ijambo rimwe.
Ugara
Ayandi makuru INOMERO, IZINA ...
INOMEROIZINAINYANDIKO
1.akaburungu.
2.agakwabu,
3.utuburungu tubiri duhagaze :
4.kaburungu kuri gakwabu ;
5.twa mugina« » canke " "
6.kabaza ?
7.gatangazi !
8.agakwego-
9.utuzitizo()
10.ngezaho...
Ugara
  1. AMAJWI AVUGA
    a, e, i, o, u.
  2. AMAJWI Y’INDAGI
    b, c, d, f, pf, g, h, j, k, m, n, ny, , ng, p, r, s, sh, t, ts, v, w, y, z.
  3. INGORANE ZIFATIYE KU KWITIRANYA AMAJWI Y’INDAGI
  4. INGORANE ZIFATIYE K’UGUTANDUKANYA AMAJAMBO MU RYUNGANE
  5. UTUMENYETSO TWO KURUHUKA
  6. Twagumije utwari tuhasanzwe kuva na kera:

    Muramenye:

    Agakwabu ko hejuru (apostrophe) ni ako gutandukanya amajambo abiri igihe irya mbere ari akagetugetu.
    Uturorero: inkono y'itabi, ibikoko vyo mw'ishamba, amazi yo kw'iteke
    Nta gakwego rero kazosubira gukoreshwa mu gutandukanya bene ayo majambo.

  7. IKORESHWA RY'URUDOME RUKURU
    1. Urudome rukuru rukoreshwa mu gutangura iryungane, inyuma y'akaburungu, ya kabaza na gatangazi no hagati ya twa mugina.
    2. Rukoreshwa kandi mu gutangura izina ry'uruharo.
    3. Ingorane zimwezimwe:
      1. Ukwigisha ikirundi, igifaransa, icongereza.
        Amazina y'indimi tuyafata nk'amazina y'urusangi, ni co gituma atangurwa n'urudome rutoyi.
      2. Abarundi, Abanyarwanda, Ababirigi, Abanyamerika.
        Izina ry'abanyagihugu rifatwa nk'iry'uruharo igihe bafatiye hamwe bose ata kubaharura.
        Uturorero: Abarundi benshi barize, Ababirigi bamwebamwe bavuga igifaransa.
      3. Twari kumwe n'umurundi umwe, abanyarwanda babiri hamwe n'abanyamerika icumi na bane.
        Ngaha harimwo uguharura, ni co gituma izina ry'abanyagihugu rica rifatwa nk'iry'urusangi.
      4. Igihugu c'Uburundi, ca Kongo. Intara ya Afirika, y'Uburaya.
        Amazina y'ibihugu n'ay'intara ni amazina y'uruharo.
      5. Abanyakarama, Abatare, Abavubikiro.
        Amazina y'umuryango afatwa nk'ay'uruharo.
        Uturorero: Abavubikiro nka bose barahonye, Abanyakarama benshi bari abatware.
      6. Twajanye n'umunyakarama umwe, abatare babiri n'abavubikiro icumi na bane.
        Ayo mazina aca afatwa nk'ay'urusangi kuko harimwo uguharura.
      7. Muramenye ko muri Afirika y'epfo hari amacakubiri y'abera n'abirabure.
        Amazina yerekana ubwoko bw'abantu afatiye ku rukoba afatwa nk'ay'urusangi.
  8. UTWATUZO
  9. Turavye ibitabu vy'ikirundi biri mu mashure yisumbuye, dusanga ibikurubikuru ari ivya Patiri NTAHOKAJA. Mu mashure menshi bakoresha utwatuzo turi muri ivyo bitabu. Na two ni utu:
    1. agakwego hejuru y'amajwi arandira: sēsa, shīma, rāmba.
    2. akarasago ku majwi ameze nk'ayaduga bwampi: ishámi, umutwé.
    3. agatemere kubitse ku majwi ahinze amanuka: umuvyêyi, ibêre, irêmbo, umubânyi.
    4. agatemere kagaramye ku majwi ahinze aduga: icěse, umutǔmba, umwǎmi, umwǎnya.
    5. utuburungu tubiri turambitse ku majwi aduga y'urunani: böse, twëse.

    Utwo twatuzo n'ubu ni two bazoba barakoresha, ariko dutegetswe mu nyigisho y'indimburo y'ikirundi gusa.

Indīmbūro

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