Ikirundi ni ururimi ruvugwa n'abantu barenga imiriyoni icumi. Hamwe n'igifaransa, ikirundi ni ururimi rwemewe n'amategeko kandi rukoreshwa mu gihugu c'Uburundi. Ururimi rw'ikirundi turusanga ruvugwa mumpande zose z'igihugu c'uburundi. Ikirundi gishaka gusa n’ikinyarwanda (mumvugo no munyandiko), ururimi rw’Abanyarwanda, kigashaka gusa kandi n’igiha be n'igihangaza, indimi zivugwa muri Tanzaniya cane cane kumbibe ivyo bihugu bihana. Ikirundi nirwo rurimi kama ruvugwa mu Burundi, rukavugwa mumpande zose z'igihugu c'Uburundi (mumitumba hamwe no mubisagara).
Ikirundi ni ururimi ruri mu ndimi zo muri afrika bantu. Rwubatswe n'amajambo kama be n'amajambo yatiwe muzindi ndimi zibanyi nk'igiswahiri be no mu ndimi z'abakoroni (igifaransa n'ikidagi) rukagengwa n'amategeko y'indimburo. Inyandiko y'ikirundi ikoresha indome ndatini, ni ukuvuga indome z'ikiratini. Cokimwe n'izindi ndimi, kumenya kuvuga ikirundi, kucandika, kugitahura be n'indimburo vy'ikirundi bisaba kuvyiga.
Inyandiko y’Ikirundi: Ingorane nkurunkuru
Inama nkarishabwenge igira gatatu y'abigisha ikirundi mu mashure yisumbuye yabereye i Bujumbura kuva ku wa 29 Myandagaro gushika ku wa 2 Nyakanga 1983, yari yatumiye n’abigisha ikirundi muri Kaminuza y’Uburundi hamwe n’abashingwakirundi bo mu biro vy’Indero Kavukire (B.E.R.). Iyo nama yarihweje ingorane nkurunkuru zerekeye inyandiko y’ikirundi, yongera iratorera umuti izitari nke. Ngizi ingingo zapfunditswe n’iyo nama nkarishabwenge:
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- AMAJWI AVUGA
a, e, i, o, u. - AMAJWI Y’INDAGI
b, c, d, f, pf, g, h, j, k, m, n, ny, , ng, p, r, s, sh, t, ts, v, w, y, z. - INGORANE ZIFATIYE KU KWITIRANYA AMAJWI Y’INDAGI
- INGORANE ZIFATIYE K’UGUTANDUKANYA AMAJAMBO MU RYUNGANE
- UTUMENYETSO TWO KURUHUKA Twagumije utwari tuhasanzwe kuva na kera:
- IKORESHWA RY'URUDOME RUKURU
- Urudome rukuru rukoreshwa mu gutangura iryungane, inyuma y'akaburungu, ya kabaza na gatangazi no hagati ya twa mugina.
- Rukoreshwa kandi mu gutangura izina ry'uruharo.
- Ingorane zimwezimwe:
- Ukwigisha ikirundi, igifaransa, icongereza.
Amazina y'indimi tuyafata nk'amazina y'urusangi, ni co gituma atangurwa n'urudome rutoyi. - Abarundi, Abanyarwanda, Ababirigi, Abanyamerika.
Izina ry'abanyagihugu rifatwa nk'iry'uruharo igihe bafatiye hamwe bose ata kubaharura.
Uturorero: Abarundi benshi barize, Ababirigi bamwebamwe bavuga igifaransa. - Twari kumwe n'umurundi umwe, abanyarwanda babiri hamwe n'abanyamerika icumi na bane.
Ngaha harimwo uguharura, ni co gituma izina ry'abanyagihugu rica rifatwa nk'iry'urusangi. - Igihugu c'Uburundi, ca Kongo. Intara ya Afirika, y'Uburaya.
Amazina y'ibihugu n'ay'intara ni amazina y'uruharo. - Abanyakarama, Abatare, Abavubikiro.
Amazina y'umuryango afatwa nk'ay'uruharo.
Uturorero: Abavubikiro nka bose barahonye, Abanyakarama benshi bari abatware. - Twajanye n'umunyakarama umwe, abatare babiri n'abavubikiro icumi na bane.
Ayo mazina aca afatwa nk'ay'urusangi kuko harimwo uguharura. - Muramenye ko muri Afirika y'epfo hari amacakubiri y'abera n'abirabure.
Amazina yerekana ubwoko bw'abantu afatiye ku rukoba afatwa nk'ay'urusangi.
- Ukwigisha ikirundi, igifaransa, icongereza.
- UTWATUZO Turavye ibitabu vy'ikirundi biri mu mashure yisumbuye, dusanga ibikurubikuru ari ivya Patiri NTAHOKAJA. Mu mashure menshi bakoresha utwatuzo turi muri ivyo bitabu. Na two ni utu:
- agakwego hejuru y'amajwi arandira: sēsa, shīma, rāmba.
- akarasago ku majwi ameze nk'ayaduga bwampi: ishámi, umutwé.
- agatemere kubitse ku majwi ahinze amanuka: umuvyêyi, ibêre, irêmbo, umubânyi.
- agatemere kagaramye ku majwi ahinze aduga: icěse, umutǔmba, umwǎmi, umwǎnya.
- utuburungu tubiri turambitse ku majwi aduga y'urunani: böse, twëse.
Muramenye:
Agakwabu ko hejuru (apostrophe) ni ako gutandukanya amajambo abiri igihe irya mbere ari akagetugetu.
Uturorero: inkono y'itabi, ibikoko vyo mw'ishamba, amazi yo kw'iteke
Nta gakwego rero kazosubira gukoreshwa mu gutandukanya bene ayo majambo.
Utwo twatuzo n'ubu ni two bazoba barakoresha, ariko dutegetswe mu nyigisho y'indimburo y'ikirundi gusa.
Indīmbūro
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