|
IPA |
Hangul |
RR trans. |
English equivalent |
Notes |
b | ㅂ[1] | b | ball | between voiced sounds |
ɕ | ㅅ | s | she | before [i] or [j] |
ɕ͈ | ㅆ | ss | see | before [i] or [j] |
d | ㄷ[2] | d | doll | between voiced sounds |
dʑ | ㅈ | j | gee | between voiced sounds |
ɡ | ㄱ | g | gall | between voiced sounds |
h | ㅎ | h | hall | |
j | ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ, ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ[3] | y | y’all | Spelled by doubling the short line on the vowel. |
k | ㄱ, ㅋ | g, k | skin | ㅋ is [k] at the end of a syllable. |
k͈ | ㄲ | kk | — | tense [k] |
kʰ | ㅋ, ㅎㄱ | k | call | |
l | ㄹ, ㄴ | l | lip | ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable. ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ll]. |
m | ㅁ, ㅂ | m | mall | ㅂ is [m] before [n] or [m]. |
n | ㄴ, ㄹ, ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ | n | not | ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word. ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before [n] or [m]. |
ŋ | ㅇ, ㄱ | ng | king | ㅇ is only [ŋ] at the end of a syllable. ㄱ is [ŋ] before [n], [m] or [ɾ] |
p | ㅂ[1], ㅍ | b, p | span | ㅍ is [p] at the end of a syllable. |
p͈ | ㅃ[1] | pp | — | tense [p] |
pʰ | ㅍ[1], ㅎㅂ | p | pall | |
ɾ | ㄹ | r | — | A flap, like Scots r or American ladder, between vowels |
s | ㅅ[2] | s | Saul | [s] with almost no sibilance |
s͈ | ㅆ | ss | — | tense [s] |
t | ㄷ[2] ㄷ, ㅌ[2], ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ | d t | stall | All are [t] and RR t at the end of a syllable. |
t͈ | ㄸ | tt | — | tense [t] |
tʰ | ㅌ[2], ㅎㄷ | t | tall | |
tɕ | ㅈ | j | itchy | |
tɕ͈ | ㅉ | jj | — | tense [tɕ] |
tɕʰ | ㅊ, ㅎㅈ | ch | cheek | |
w | ㅜ, ㅗ | w | wall | spelled ㅜ before [ʌ], [e], [i]; ㅗ before [ɛ], [e],* [a] |
| *ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ö vowel [ø] by some older speakers. |
|
|
IPA |
Hangul |
RR trans. |
Notes |
a | ㅏ | a | spa |
aː |
e | ㅔ | e | Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in main |
eː |
ɛ | ㅐ | ae | met; similar to e for young speakers. |
ɛː |
i | ㅣ | i | mean |
iː |
o | ㅗ | o | Spanish o or French eau |
oː |
u | ㅜ | u | moon |
uː |
ʌ | ㅓ | eo | young (these are pronounced [ɔ], as in more, in North Korea) |
əː |
ɯ | ㅡ | eu | Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to eo for many dialects. |
ɯː |
|
IPA |
Hangul |
RR trans. |
Notes |
ɰi | ㅢ | ui | Only occurs in the first syllable of a word. |
Sounds not written in hangul |
IPA | Explanation |
ː | Long vowel. Long [ʌ] is əː. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all. |
́ | High tone, on any one syllable or the first two; used outside Seoul. |
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