ସହଯୋଗ:IPA/Arabic
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ଛାଞ୍ଚ:IPA key The chart below explains how Wikipedia represents Modern Standard Arabic pronunciations with the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Wikipedia also has specific charts for Egyptian Arabic, Hejazi Arabic, Lebanese Arabic, and Tunisian Arabic. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-ar}}, {{IPAc-ar}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Wikipedia transcriptions for Arabic may be either more general and abstract (phonemic), using only the symbols from the first column, or more detailed and precise (phonetic), using the symbols explained in the "Notes" section.
See Arabic phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Modern Standard Arabic, and varieties of Arabic for regional variation.
IPA | English approximation |
Arabic letter/symbol |
Usual romanization |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
A–B | ||||
a | cat in British English, only approx. in American English | َ | a, á, e | [lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] |
aː | No exact, longer far | ـَا ,ى | ā, â, aa, a | [lower-alpha 3] |
aj | /a/+/j/, similar to my | ْـَي | ay, ai, ey, ei | [lower-alpha 4] |
aw | /a/+/w/, similar to noun | ْـَو | aw, au | [lower-alpha 5] |
b | bee | ب | b | [lower-alpha 6] |
D | ||||
d | dash | د | d | [lower-alpha 7] |
dˤ | emphatic and pharyngealized /d/, no equivalent | ض | ḍ, dh | [lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 7] |
dʒ | jam | ج | j, ǧ, dj, g | [lower-alpha 9] |
ð | these | ذ | dh, ḏ | [lower-alpha 10] |
ðˤ | emphatic and pharyngealized /ð/ | ظ | ẓ | [lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 11] |
F–H | ||||
f | father | ف | f | [lower-alpha 12] |
h | hi | ه | h | |
ħ | hello, but pharyngeal | ح | ḥ | [lower-alpha 13] |
I–K | ||||
i | miss | ِ | i, e | [lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 2] |
iː | machine | ـِي | ī, ee, i | [lower-alpha 15] |
j | yes | ي | y | |
k | skin | ك | k | [lower-alpha 16] |
L–N | ||||
l | lease (Received Pronunciation) | ل | l | |
ɫ | tool | [lower-alpha 17] | ||
m | me | م | m | |
n | no | ن | n | |
Q–S | ||||
q | like cat, but further down to the uvula (uvular). | ق | q, g, ' | [lower-alpha 18] |
r | "tapped" or "trilled" r; Spanish perro |
ر | r | [lower-alpha 19] |
s | see | س | s | |
sˤ | emphatic and pharyngealized /s/, no equivalent | ص | ṣ | [lower-alpha 8] |
ʃ | she | ش | sh, š, ch | |
T–W | ||||
t | stick | ت (sometimes ة) |
t | [lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 16] |
tˤ | emphatic and pharyngealized /t/, no equivalent | ط | ṭ | [lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 7] |
θ | think | ث | th, ṯ | [lower-alpha 10] |
u | sum | ُ | u, o, ou | [lower-alpha 20][lower-alpha 2] |
uː | tune | ـُو | ū, oo, ou, u | [lower-alpha 21] |
w | we | و | w | |
X–Z | ||||
x | Scots loch, Spanish jota, German Bach |
خ | kh, ḫ, ḵ | [lower-alpha 22] |
ɣ | Spanish fuego | غ | gh, ġ, ḡ | [lower-alpha 23] |
z | zoo | ز | z | |
Other | ||||
ʔ | The pause in uh-oh!; Cockney butter; glottal stop |
ء | ʾ ’ ' | [lower-alpha 24] |
ʕ | similar to the sound while retching (voiced pharyngeal fricative) |
ع | ʿ ‘ ' ` | [lower-alpha 25][lower-alpha 26] |
θ | see under T—W | |||
ˈ | [ˈkiːwi] كِيوِي ('kiwi') | Means that the following syllable is stressed: /ˈʕarabiː/ عربي ('Arab'). | ||
ː | [kiːs] كِيس ('sack') | Means that the preceding vowel is long | ||
[ˈdˤɑħ.ħæ] ضَحّى ('[he] sacrificed'), [mʊˈdær.rɪsæ] مُدَرِّسَة ('teacher [f.]'), [ræs.ˈsæːmæ] رَسَّامَة ('paintress'), [kæð.ˈðæːb] كَذَّاب ('liar [m.]') |
A geminated consonant never belongs to one syllable and is often broken with a stress. |