ଭାରତୀୟ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟସମୂହ

ଭାରତୀୟ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଭାରତୀୟ ରାଜ୍ଯ ଏବଂ କେନ୍ଦ୍ରଶାସିତ ଅଞ୍ଚଳ ପାଇଁ ସ୍ଥାପିତ ମୁଖ୍ଯ ଅଧିକାରକ୍ଷେତ୍ର ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ନ୍ୟାୟପାଳିକା ଅଟନ୍ତି । ଆର୍ଥିକ କିମ୍ବା ଆଞ୍ଚଳିକ ଅଧିକାରକ୍ଷେତ୍ର ବହିର୍ଭୂତ ମାମଲା ପାଇଁ ଯଦି ନିମ୍ନ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ୍ଷମତା ସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ନଥାନ୍ତି, ତେବେ ସେହି ଲୋକ ଏବଂ ଅପରାଧୀକ ମାମଲା ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟର ମୁଖ୍ଯ ଅଧିକାରକ୍ଷେତ୍ର ଅଧିନକୁ ଆସିପାରିବ । କୌଣସି ରାଜ୍ଯ କିମ୍ବା କେନ୍ଦ୍ରଦ୍ୱାରା ପ୍ରଣୟିତ ବିଧିଦ୍ୱାରା ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟର ମୁଖ୍ଯ ଅଧିକାରକ୍ଷେତ୍ରର ପ୍ରସାର କରାଯାଇ ପାରିବ ।

ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ

ବମ୍ବେ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ

କେରଳ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ

ସମ୍ବିଧାନ ଧାରା ୨୨୬ ଓ ୨୨୭ ଅନୁସାରେ, ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ମୁଖ୍ଯ ରୂପେ ନିମ୍ନ ଅଦାଲତଗୁଡିକର ରାୟ ବରୁଦ୍ଧରେ ଏବଂ ଲିଖିତାଦେଶ ନିବେଦନ ଉପରେ ଶୁଣାଣି କରିବା । ଲିଖିତାଦେଶ ଅଧିକାରକ୍ଷେତ୍ର ମଧ୍ଯ ଏକ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟର ମୁଖ୍ଯ ଅଧିକାରକ୍ଷେତ୍ର ଅଟେ ।

ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ରାଜ୍ଯକୁ କେତେକ ନ୍ୟାୟିକ ଜିଲ୍ଲାରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଛି ଏବଂ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଜିଲ୍ଲା ପାଇଁ ଜଣେ ଜିଲ୍ଲା ଦୌରାଜଜ ଥାଆନ୍ତି । ଲୋକ ମାମଲାର ବିଚାର କରିବାବେଳେ ସେ ଜିଲ୍ଲାଜଜ ଏବଂ ଅପରାଧୀକ ମାମଲାର ବିଚାର କରିବାବେଳେ ଦୌରାଜଜ ରୂପେ ଜଣାଯାନ୍ତି । ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟର ବିଚାରପତିଙ୍କ ତଳେ ସେ ଉଚ୍ଚତମ ନ୍ୟାୟାଧୀଶ ଅଟନ୍ତି । ତାଙ୍କ ତଳେ ଲୋକ ଅଧିକାରକ୍ଷେତ୍ରର ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ ରହିଛି । ସମ୍ବିଧାନ ଧାରା ୧୪୧ ଅଧିନରେ, ସର୍ବୋଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ଯାଯାଳୟଙ୍କ ରାୟଦ୍ୱାରା ଭାରତର ସମସ୍ତ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ— ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ — ଉପରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକାରୀ ହେବ ।

ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟର ବିଚାରପତିମାନେ, ଭାରତୀୟ ମୁଖ୍ଯ ବିଚାରପତିଙ୍କ ଏବଂ ରାଜ୍ଯ ରାଜ୍ୟପାଳଙ୍କ ସହ ବିଚାରବିମର୍ଶ କରି ଭାରତର ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରପତିଙ୍କଦ୍ୱାରା ନିଯୁକ୍ତି ପାଆନ୍ତି । ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଜଣେ ମୁଖ୍ଯ ବିଚାରପତିଙ୍କ ନେତୃତ୍ବାଧୀନ । ଭାରତୀୟ ପ୍ରାଥମିକତା କ୍ରମରେ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟର ମୁଖ୍ଯ ବିଚାରପତିମାନେ ନିଜ ରାଜ୍ଯରେ ଚତୁର୍ଦଶ ଏବଂ ରାଜ୍ଯ ବାହାରେ ସପ୍ତଦଶ କ୍ରମରେ ଆସନ୍ତି । ବିଗତ ପାଞ୍ଚ ବର୍ଷରେ ଦର୍ଜିତ ମାମଲା ସଂଖ୍ଯାକୁ ଜାତୀୟ ହାରାହାରି ମାମଲା ସଂଖ୍ଯାରେ ହରଣ କରି ମିଳୁଥିବା ସଂଖ୍ଯା ଆଧାରରେ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟର ବିଚାରପତିମାନଙ୍କୁ ନିଯୁକ୍ତି ଦିଆଯାଏ ।

୨ ଜୁଲାଇ ୧୮୬୨ ମସିହାରେ ସ୍ଥାପିତ କଲିକତା ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ, ଦେଶର ସର୍ବପୂରାତନ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ ଅଟେ । ଏକ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ବହୁ ସଂଖ୍ଯକ ମାମଲାର ବିଚାର କରିବାପାଇଁ, ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟର ଏକ ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଖଣ୍ଡପୀଠ ସେଠାରେ ସ୍ଥାପିତ କରାଯାଇ ଥାଏ ।

ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟସମୂହ

ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ	ସ୍ଥାପିତ	ଆଧାର ଅଧିନିୟମ	ଅଧିକାରକ୍ଷେତ୍ର	ମୁଖ୍ଯ ସ୍ଥାନ	ଖଣ୍ଡପୀଠ(ସମୂହ)	ବିଚାରପତି			ମୁଖ୍ଯ ବିଚାରପତି
						ମୋଟ ବିଚାରପତି କ୍ଷମତା	ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ବିଚାରପତି ସଂଖ୍ଯା	ଅତିରିକ୍ତ ବିଚାରପତି ସଂଖ୍ଯା
ଆଲାହାବାଦ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ[୧]	17 March 1866	ଭାରତୀୟ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ ଅଧିନିୟମ, ୧୮୬୧	ଉତ୍ତର ପ୍ରଦେଶ	ଆଲାହାବାଦ	ଲକ୍ଷ୍ନୌଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua	୧୬୦	୭୬	୮୪	ଗୋବିନ୍ଦ ମାଥୁର
ଆନ୍ଧ୍ରପ୍ରଦେଶ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ[୨]	1 January 2019	ଆନ୍ଧ୍ରପ୍ରଦେଶ ପୁନର୍ଗଠନ ଅଧିନିୟମ, ୨୦୧୪	ଆନ୍ଧ୍ରପ୍ରଦେଶ	ଅମରାବତୀ	—	୩୭	୨୮	୯	ଅରୂପ କୁମାର ଗୋସ୍ୱାମୀ
ବମ୍ବେ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ	14 August 1862	ଭାରତୀୟ ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ ଅଧିନିୟମ, ୧୮୬୧	ଗୋଆ, ଦାଦ୍ରା ଓ ନଗରହାବେଳୀ ଏବଂ ଡାମନ ଓ ଡିଉ, ମହାରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର	ବମ୍ବେ	ଔରଙ୍ଗାବାଦ,ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua ନାଗପୁର,ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua ପାଣାଜୀ,ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua	୯୪	୭୧	୨୩	ଦିପଙ୍କର ଦତ୍ତା
Calcutta High Court	1 July 1862	Indian High Courts Act 1861	Andaman and Nicobar Islands, West Bengal	Calcutta	Port Blairଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua Jalpaiguriଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua	72	54	18	T. B. Radhakrishnan
Chhattisgarh High Court	1 November 2000	Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000	Chhattisgarh	Bilaspur	—	22	17	5	P. R. Ramachandra Menon
Delhi High Court[୩]	31 October 1966	Delhi High Court Act, 1966	National Capital Territory of Delhi	New Delhi	—	60	45	15	Dhirubhai Naranbhai Patel
Gauhati High Court[୪]	1 March 1948	Government of India Act 1935	Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland	Guwahati	Aizawl,ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua Itanagar,ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua Kohimaଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua	24	18	6	Sudhanshu Dhulia
Gujarat High Court	1 May 1960	Bombay Reorgansisation Act, 1960	Gujarat	Ahmedabad	—	52	39	13	Vikram Nath
Himachal Pradesh High Court	25 January 1971	State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970	Himachal Pradesh	Shimla	—	13	10	3	L. Narayana Swamy
Jammu and Kashmir High Court	26 March 1928	Letters Patent issued by then Maharaja of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019	Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh	Srinagar/Jammuଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua	—	17	13	4	Pankaj Mithal
Jharkhand High Court	15 November 2000	Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000	Jharkhand	Ranchi	—	25	19	6	Ravi Ranjan
Karnataka High Court[୫]	1884	Mysore High Court Act, 1884	Karnataka	Bengaluru	Dharwad,ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua Kalaburagiଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua	62	47	15	Abhay Shreeniwas Oka
Kerala High Court[୬]	1 November 1956	States Reorganisation Act, 1956	Kerala, Lakshadweep	Kochi	—	47	35	12	S. Manikumar
Madhya Pradesh High Court[୭]	2 January 1936	Government of India Act 1935	Madhya Pradesh	Jabalpur	Gwalior,ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua Indoreଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua	53	40	13	Mohammad Rafiq
Madras High Court	15 August 1862	Indian High Courts Act 1861	Tamil Nadu, Puducherry	Madras	Maduraiଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua	75	56	19	Sanjib Banerjee
Manipur High Court	25 March 2013	North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012	Manipur	Imphal	—	5	4	1	P. V. Sanjay Kumar
Meghalaya High Court	23 March 2013	North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012	Meghalaya	Shillong	—	4	3	1	Biswanath Somadder
Odisha High Court[୮]	3 April 1948	Odisha High Court Ordinance, 1948	Orissa	Cuttack	—	27	20	7	S. Muralidhar
Patna High Court	2 September 1916	Letters Patent issued by then British Crown	Bihar	Patna	—	53	40	13	Sanjay Karol
Punjab and Haryana High Court[୯]	15 August 1947	Punjab High Court Ordinance, 1947	Chandigarh, Haryana, Punjab	Chandigarh	—	85	64	21	Ravi Shankar Jha
Rajasthan High Court	21 June 1949	Rajasthan High Court Ordinance, 1949	Rajasthan	Jodhpur	Jaipurଛାଞ୍ଚ:Efn-ua	50	38	12	Indrajit Mahanty
Sikkim High Court	16 May 1975	The 36th Amendment to the Indian Constitution	Sikkim	Gangtok	—	3	3	0	Jitendra Kumar Maheshwari
Telangana High Court[୧୦]	1 January 2019	Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014	Telangana	Hyderabad	—	24	18	6	Hima Kohli
Tripura High Court	26 March 2013	North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012	Tripura	Agartala	—	4	4	0	Akil Kureshi
Uttarakhand High Court[୧୧]	9 November 2000	Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000	Uttarakhand	Nainital	—	11	9	2	Raghvendra Singh Chauhan
Total						1079	771	308
Notes
ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Notelist-ua

ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ

• ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଉଚ୍ଚ ନ୍ୟାୟାଳୟ

ଆଧାର

1. ଆଗ୍ରାରେ ସ୍ଥାପିତ, ୧୮୭୫ରେ ଆଲାହାବାଦକୁ ସ୍ଥାନାନ୍ତରିତ ।
2. "High Court of Andhra Pradesh to function at Amaravati from Jan 1, 2019". Bar & Bench. 2018-12-26. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
3. Lahore High Court was established at Lahore on 21 March 1919 and had jurisdiction over undivided Punjab and Delhi. On 11 August 1947 a separate Punjab High Court was created with its seat at Simla under the Indian Independence Act, 1947, which had jurisdiction over Punjab, Delhi and present Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. In 1966 after the reorganisation of the State of Punjab, the High Court was designated as the Punjab and Haryana High Court at Chandigarh. The Delhi High Court was established on 31 October 1966 with its seat at Simla which was later shifted to New Delhi in 1971 after the Himachal Pradesh was granted the statehood with its own High Court at Simla.
4. Originally known as the High Court of Assam and Nagaland, it was renamed as Gauhati High Court in 1971.
5. Originally known as Mysore High Court, it was renamed as Karnataka High Court in 1974.
6. The High Court of Travancore-Cochin was inaugurated at Kochi on 7 July 1949. The state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. That Act abolished the Travancore-Cochin High Court and created the Kerala High Court. The Act also extended the jurisdiction of the Kerala High Court to Lakshadweep.
7. Under the Government of India Act 1935, a High Court was established at Nagpur for the Central Provinces by Letters Patent dated 2 January 1936. After the reorganization of states, this High Court was moved to Jabalpur in 1956.
8. Though the State of Orissa was renamed Odisha in March 2011, the Odissa High Court retained its original name. There has been an ongoing discussion on how to legally change the nomenclature of the High Courts to reflect the renaming of states, but so far none has changed.
9. Originally known as Punjab High Court, it was renamed as Punjab and Haryana High Court in 1966.
10. Originally known as Andhra Pradesh High Court, and it was established on 5 November 1956 but it was renamed as High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad in 2014, renamed again as Telangana High Court on 20 April 1920.
11. Originally known as Uttaranchal High Court, it was renamed as Uttarakhand High Court in 2007.