ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ

ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ (English: Mammal; ଶ୍ରେଣୀ Mammalia /məˈmeɪli.ə/) ସମୂହର ପ୍ରାଣୀମାନେ (ନାରୀ) ନିଜ ନବଜାତ ଶିଶୁକୁ ସ୍ତନ୍ୟ ପାନ କରାଇଥାନ୍ତି । ମହିଳାମାନଙ୍କ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ସ୍ତନ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥି ଦେଖାଯାଇଥାଏ, ଯାହାକି ସରୀସୃପ କିମ୍ବା ପକ୍ଷୀମାନଙ୍କ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଦେଖାଯାଇନଥାଏ । ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାୟୀ ସମୂହର ଚାରି କୋଠରି ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ହୃତପିଣ୍ଡ ରହିଥାଏ ଓ ମସ୍ତିସ୍କ ଗଠନ ଅପେକ୍ଷାକୃତ ଉନ୍ନତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।

Mammals ଜୀବାଶ୍ମ କାଳ: 225–0 Ma (Kemp) or 167–0 Ma (Rowe) See discussion of dates in text PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Examples of various mammalian orders. Click to see originals. Row 1: common vampire bat, Virginia opossum, eastern grey kangaroo. Row 2: southern marsupial mole, humans, northern elephant seals. Row 3: fox squirrel, tree pangolin, African elephants. Row 4: platypus, colugo, reindeer. Row 5: humpback whale, star-nosed mole, giant panda. Row 6: giant armadillo, plains zebras, black and rufous elephant shrew.
ବିଜ୍ଞାନଭିତ୍ତିକ ଶ୍ରେଣୀବିଭାଗ
ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ:	ପ୍ରାଣୀ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ
ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀ:	ବାଇଲାଟେରିଆ
ପର୍ବ:	କୋର୍ଡାଟା
ମହାଶ୍ରେଣୀ:	ଟେଟ୍ରାପୋଡା
ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀ:	ସିନାପ୍ସିଡା
ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀ:	ମାମାଲିଆଫୋର୍ମ୍ସ
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ:	ମାମାଲିଆ Linnaeus, 1758
Subgroups
Clade Australosphenida †Order Ausktribosphenida Order Monotremata †Order Eutriconodonta †Order Gobiconodonta †Order Multituberculata Clade Trechnotheria Subclass Theria Infraclass Marsupialia Infraclass Placentalia

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ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ବିଭାଗ

ବିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଇତିହାସ

ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ

ଆଧାର

ଅଧିକ ପଢନ୍ତୁ

• Brown W.M. (2001). "Natural selection of mammalian brain components" (PDF). Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 16 (9): 471–473. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02246-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-25. Retrieved 2014-04-27.
• Khalaf-von Jaffa, Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher (2006). Mammalia Palaestina: The Mammals of Palestine. Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin. Number 55, July 2006. pp. 1–46.
• McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. ISBN 0-231-11013-8
• Nowak, Ronald M. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1936 pp. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
• Simpson, George Gaylord (1945). "The principles of classification and a classification of mammals". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 85: 1–350.
• William J. Murphy, Eduardo Eizirik, Mark S. Springer et al., Resolution of the Early Placental Mammal Radiation Using Bayesian Phylogenetics,Science, Vol 294, Issue 5550, 2348–2351, 14 December 2001.
• Springer, Mark S., Michael J. Stanhope, Ole Madsen, and Wilfried W. de Jong. 2004. "Molecules consolidate the placental mammal tree". Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19:430–438. (PDF version)
• Vaughan, Terry A., James M. Ryan, and Nicholas J. Capzaplewski. 2000. Mammalogy: Fourth Edition. Saunders College Publishing, 565 pp. ISBN 0-03-025034-X (Brooks Cole, 1999)
• Jan Ole Kriegs, Gennady Churakov, Martin Kiefmann, Ursula Jordan, Juergen Brosius, Juergen Schmitz. (2006) Retroposed Elements as Archives for the Evolutionary History of Placental Mammals. PLoS Biol 4(4): e91."PLoS Biology – Retroposed Elements as Archives for the Evolutionary History of Placental Mammals". Biology.plosjournals.org. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040091. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
• David MacDonald, Sasha Norris. 2006. The Encyclopedia of Mammals, 3rd edition. Printed in China, 930 pp. ISBN 0-681-45659-0

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