United States of America
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United States of America (U.S.A. kapena USA), yomwe imadziwika kuti United States (U.S. kapena US) kapena America, ndi dziko lodutsa m'mayiko ambiri ku North America. Ili ndi zigawo 50, chigawo cha federal, madera asanu akuluakulu osaphatikizidwa, Minor Outlying Islands zisanu ndi zinayi, ndi malo 326 aku India. Ndilo dziko lachitatu pakukula kwa malo ndi malo onse.United States imagawana malire ndi Canada kumpoto kwake ndi Mexico kumwera kwake. Ili ndi malire apanyanja ndi Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, ndi mayiko ena.Ndi anthu opitilira 331 miliyoni, ndi dziko lachitatu lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Likulu la dzikolo ndi Washington, D.C., ndipo mzinda wokhala ndi anthu ambiri komanso likulu lazachuma ndi New York City.
Dziko la United States of America (Chichewa) | |||
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Nyimbo ya utundu: "The Star-Spangled Banner" | |||
Chinenero ya ndzika | Chingelezi | ||
Mzinda wa mfumu | Washington D.C. | ||
Boma | Federal presidential constitutional republic | ||
Chipembedzo | Protestant 55%, Catholic 20%, Muslim 20% | ||
Maonekedwe % pa madzi |
3,796,742 sq mi (9,833,520 km2) km² 4.66% | ||
Munthu Kuchuluka: |
331,893,745 (2021) 87/sq mi (33.6/km2)/km² | ||
Ndalama | US Dollar (MAK) | ||
Zone ya nthawi | UTC UTC−4 to −12, +10, +11 | ||
Tsiku ya mtundu | Julayi 4 | ||
Internet | Code | Tel. | .mw | MWI | +1 |
Anthu a ku Paleo-aboriginals anasamuka ku Siberia kupita ku North America zaka zosachepera 12,000 zapitazo, ndipo zikhalidwe zapamwamba zinayamba kuonekera pambuyo pake. Zikhalidwe zapamwambazi zidatsala pang'ono kutsika pofika nthawi yomwe atsamunda aku Europe adafika m'zaka za zana la 16. United States idatuluka m'makoloni khumi ndi atatu aku Britain pomwe mikangano ndi Britain Crown pamisonkho komanso kuyimilira ndale idatsogolera ku America Revolution (1765-1784), yomwe idakhazikitsa ufulu wodziyimira pawokha. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, US idayamba kukula kudutsa North America, pang'onopang'ono kupeza madera atsopano, nthawi zina kudzera munkhondo, kuthamangitsa Amwenye aku America pafupipafupi, ndikuvomereza mayiko atsopano. Pofika m’chaka cha 1848, dziko la United States linafalikira kudera lonselo kuchokera kum’mawa mpaka kumadzulo. Mkangano wokhudza mchitidwe waukapolo unafika pachimake pakupatukana kwa Confederate States of America, yomwe idamenya nkhondo yotsala ya Union panthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni ku America (1861-1865). Ndi chigonjetso cha Union ndi kusungidwa, ukapolo unathetsedwa ndi Thirteenth Amendment.
Pofika m’chaka cha 1900, dziko la United States linali litakhala dziko lolemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo nkhondo ya ku Spain ndi America komanso nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse inakhazikitsa dzikoli kukhala ulamuliro wamphamvu padziko lonse. Pambuyo pa kuukira modzidzimutsa kwa Japan pa Pearl Harbor mu 1941, dziko la United States linalowa mu Nkhondo Yadziko II kumbali ya Allied. Zotsatira za nkhondoyo zinasiya United States ndi Soviet Union kukhala maulamuliro aŵiri amphamvu padziko lonse. M’kati mwa Nkhondo Yozizira, maiko onse aŵiriwo anamenyera nkhondo kaamba ka ulamuliro wa malingaliro koma anapeŵa mikangano yachindunji yankhondo. Adachita nawo mpikisano wa Space Race, womwe udafika pachimake mu 1969 American spaceflight yomwe idafikira anthu pa Mwezi. Nthawi yomweyo, gulu lomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe lidapangitsa kuti malamulo athetsere malamulo a Jim Crow am'boma ndi am'deralo komanso tsankho lina lodziwika bwino kwa anthu aku Africa America. Kutha kwa dziko la Soviet Union mu 1991 kunathetsa nkhondo yapakamwa, ndipo dziko la United States linali lokhalo lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse. Kuukira kwa Seputembala 11 ku 2001 kudapangitsa kuti dziko la United States liyambitse nkhondo yachigawenga, yomwe idaphatikizapo Nkhondo ku Afghanistan (2001-2021) ndi Nkhondo yaku Iraq (2003-2011).
United States ndi boma la federal lomwe lili ndi nthambi zitatu za boma, kuphatikizapo malamulo a bicameral. Ndi ufulu wa demokalase ndi chuma cha msika; ili pamwamba pa miyeso yapadziko lonse ya ufulu waumunthu, ubwino wa moyo, ndalama ndi chuma, mpikisano wachuma, ndi maphunziro; ndipo ili ndi milingo yochepa ya ziphuphu zomwe zimaganiziridwa. Lili ndi kuchuluka kwa kutsekeredwa m'ndende ndi kusalingana, limalola chilango chachikulu, komanso likusowa chisamaliro chaumoyo padziko lonse. Monga mphika wosungunuka wa zikhalidwe ndi mafuko, US idapangidwa ndi zaka mazana ambiri zakusamuka.
United States ndi dziko lotukuka kwambiri, ndipo chuma chake ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo ndichokwera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi potengera GDP pamitengo yosinthira msika. Potengera mtengo wake, United States ndiye wotumiza kunja kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso wotumiza kunja kwachiwiri. Ngakhale kuti amawerengera 4.2% ya anthu onse padziko lapansi, US ili ndi 30% ya chuma chonse padziko lapansi, gawo lalikulu kwambiri lomwe dziko lililonse limakhala nalo. United States ndi membala woyambitsa bungwe la United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organisation of American States, NATO, ndipo ndi membala wokhazikika wa United Nations Security Council. Dzikoli limapanga ndalama zoposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ndi gulu lankhondo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso gulu lotsogola pazandale, zachikhalidwe komanso zasayansi.