Lu Ban

Lu Ban
	Skulpture av Lu Ban i Weifang
Født	507 f.Kr.
Død	444 f.Kr.
Beskjeftigelse	Arkitekt, ingeniør, filosof
Nasjonalitet	Lu
	Lu Ban på Commons

Lu Ban (forenklet kinesisk: 鲁班; tradisjonell kinesisk: 魯班; pinyin: Lǔ Bān; Wade–Giles: Lu Pan, født 507 f.Kr. i staten Lu i Kina, død 444 f.Kr.) var en kinesisk snekker, ingeniør, filosof, oppfinner, militærteoretiker og statsmenn. Han levde på samme tid som Mozi, og er i kinesisk folketro vernehelgen for bygningarbeidere og byggherrer.

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Lu Ban var født i staten Lu som lå vest i det som er provinsen Shandong^[1] i en fremstående familie, under borgerkrigene i Vår- og høstannalenes tid. Han het opprinnelig Gongshu Yizhi (kinesisk: 公輸依智). Han omtales også som Gongshu Ban/ Kungshu Pen og Kungshu Pun, men for det meste var han kjent som Lu Ban.

Ifølge de tradisjonelle overleveringer stod han bak en rekke oppfinnelser, beskrevet i kapittel 49 og 50 i Mozi:

Skystige — en mobil beleiringsstide med motvekt.^[2]
Gripehaker og rambukkutstyr for sjøkrig.^[3]
Trefugl — en flyvende trefugl som kunne holde seg i luften i tre dager. Det er blitt foreslått at den var en slags drage.^[4]

Han skal også ha oppfunnet blant annet en løfteanodning til jelp ved begravelser,^[5] en hestekjerre av tre,^[6] og andre trearbeider nevnt i forskjellige tekster, og som har gjort at Lu Ban skulle ble anerkjent som mesterbygger.

[1]
Men et sted i en vesentlig yngre kilde, i bind 24 av Youyang Zazu som dateres til 600-tallet e.Kr., kom han fra Dunhuang.
[2]
公输盘为楚造云梯之械，成，将以攻宋。(Mei's Translation: Gongshu Ban had completed the construction of Cloud ladders for the State of Chu and was going to attack the State of Song with them.) Mozi, Ch. 50, Para. 1.
[3]
公输子自鲁南游楚，焉始为舟战之器，作为钩强之备，退者钩之，进者强之，量其钩强之长，而制为之兵。楚之兵节，越之兵不节，楚人因此若埶，亟败越人。(Mei's Translation: Gongshuzi came south from the State of Lu to the State of Chu, and began making implements for naval warfare which consisted of grappling hooks and rams. When the enemy were retreating they used the hooks. And when the enemy were advancing they employed the rams. And the weapons were made according to the length of these hooks and rams. The weapons of the State of Chu thus were all standardized, and those of the State of Yue were not. And, with this advantage, the people of Chu greatly defeated the people of Yue.) Mozi, Ch. 49, Para. 20.
[4]
公输子削竹木以为鵲，成而飞之，三日不下。(Mei's Translation: Gongshuzi constructed a bird from bamboo and wood and when it was completed he flew it. It stayed up [in the air] for three days.) Mozi, Ch. 49, Para. 21.
[5]
Liji, kap. 4.
[6]
Lunheng, kap. 85, by Wang Chong (b. 27).

Du Shiran; m.fl. (1992). Biographies of Ancient Chinese Scientists Series One: Lu Ban. Beijing: Kexue Chubanshe. s. 22–25. ISBN 7-03-002926-7.
Wang Fu; m.fl. (1994). Records of Lu Ban: China's Earliest Inventor – Lu Ban. Beijing: Zhongguo Kexue Jishu Chubanshe. s. 3–6. ISBN 7-5046-1676-1.
Li Shaoyuan; Zhao Beizhi; m.fl. (1996). Stories of Chinese Scientist and Inventors. Beijing: Jindun Publishing House. s. 1–8. ISBN 7-5082-0168-X.
Yu Xuecai; Li Chunfu (mai 2004). «Gongshu Ban, No. 22 Monograph in Research Library of Chinese Architectural Culture» (PDF). Huazhong Architecture Bimonthly. Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 4. mars 2016.
Le Chevoir Patrick (1998). «L'UNITE DE MESURE DE LU BAN (魯班尺)- Une unité de mesure conceptuelle au service des statuaires d'Yilan (宜蘭市) à Taiwan, Vol. III-1, [2-14]». Anthroepotes. Arkivert fra originalen 27. april 2010. Arkivert 27. april 2010 hos Wayback Machine.

A Restoration of Lu-Ban's Wooden Horse Carriage (PDF)
Mozi (Chinese text and Mei translation) - Chinese Text Project

[1] [1]
Men et sted i en vesentlig yngre kilde, i bind 24 av Youyang Zazu som dateres til 600-tallet e.Kr., kom han fra Dunhuang.

[2] [2]
公输盘为楚造云梯之械，成，将以攻宋。(Mei's Translation: Gongshu Ban had completed the construction of Cloud ladders for the State of Chu and was going to attack the State of Song with them.) Mozi, Ch. 50, Para. 1.

[3] [3]
公输子自鲁南游楚，焉始为舟战之器，作为钩强之备，退者钩之，进者强之，量其钩强之长，而制为之兵。楚之兵节，越之兵不节，楚人因此若埶，亟败越人。(Mei's Translation: Gongshuzi came south from the State of Lu to the State of Chu, and began making implements for naval warfare which consisted of grappling hooks and rams. When the enemy were retreating they used the hooks. And when the enemy were advancing they employed the rams. And the weapons were made according to the length of these hooks and rams. The weapons of the State of Chu thus were all standardized, and those of the State of Yue were not. And, with this advantage, the people of Chu greatly defeated the people of Yue.) Mozi, Ch. 49, Para. 20.

[4] [4]
公输子削竹木以为鵲，成而飞之，三日不下。(Mei's Translation: Gongshuzi constructed a bird from bamboo and wood and when it was completed he flew it. It stayed up [in the air] for three days.) Mozi, Ch. 49, Para. 21.

[5] [5]
Liji, kap. 4.

[6] [6]
Lunheng, kap. 85, by Wang Chong (b. 27).

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Lu Ban

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