Schools of Buddhismတမ်းပလိတ်:Buddhist traditions timeline
ထေရဝါဒ
Theravada — literally, "the Teaching of the Elders" or "the Ancient Teaching", it is the oldest surviving Buddhist school. It was founded in India. It is relatively conservative, and generally closer to early Buddhism,[1] and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka (now about 70% of the population[2]) and most of continental Southeast Asia.
Bangladesh:
Sangharaj Nikaya
Mahasthabir Nikaya
Burma:
Thudhamma Nikaya
Vipassana tradition of Mahasi Sayadaw
Shwekyin Nikaya
Dvaya Nikaya or Dvara Nikaya
Cambodia
Laos
Sri Lanka:
Siam Nikaya
Amarapura Nikaya
Ramañña Nikaya
Thailand:
Maha Nikaya
Dhammakaya Movement
Thammayut Nikaya
Thai Forest Tradition
Tradition of Ajahn Chah
မဟာယာန
Mahayana — literally the "Great Vehicle", it is the largest school of Buddhism, and originated in India. The term is also used for classification of Buddhist philosophies and practice. According to the teachings of Mahāyāna traditions, "Mahāyāna" also refers to the path of seeking complete enlightenment for the benefit of all sentient beings, also called "Bodhisattvayāna", or the "Bodhisattva Vehicle."[3][4]
Madhyamaka
Prāsangika
Svatantrika
Sanlun (Three Treatise school)
Sanron
Maha-Madhyamaka (Jonangpa)
Yogācāra
Cittamatra in Tibet
Wei-Shi (Consciousness-only school) or Faxiang (Dharma-character school)
Beopsang
Hossō
Tathagatagarbha
Daśabhūmikā (absorbed into Huayan)
Huayan (Avataṃsaka)
Hwaeom
Kegon
Chán / Zen / Seon / Thien
Caodong
Sōtō
Keizan line
Jakuen line
Giin line
Linji
Rinzai
Ōbaku
Fuke
Won Buddhism: Korean Reformed Buddhism
Pure Land (Amidism)
Jodo Shu
Jodo Shinshu
Tiantai (Lotus Sutra School)
Cheontae
Tendai (also contains Vajrayana elements)
Nichiren
Nichiren Shū
Nichiren Shōshū
Nipponzan Myōhōji
Soka Gakkai
Vajrayāna
Vajrayana
The vajra, a distinct symbol of Vajrayana
Tibetan Buddhism
Nyingma
New Bön (synthesis of Yungdrung Bön and Nyingmapa)
Kadam
Sakya
Ngor-pa
Tsar-pa
Jonang
Gelug
Kagyu:
Shangpa Kagyu
Marpa Kagyu:
Rechung Kagyu
Dagpo Kagyu:
Karma Kagyu (or Kamtshang Kagyu)
Tsalpa Kagyu
Baram Kagyu
Pagtru Kagyu (or Phagmo Drugpa Kagyu):
Taglung Kagyu
Trophu Kagyu
Drukpa Kagyu
Martsang Kagyu
Yerpa Kagyu
Yazang Kagyu
Shugseb Kagyu
Drikung Kagyu
Rime movement (ecumenical movement)
Japanese Mikkyo
Shingon
Tendai (derived from Tiantai but added tantric practices)
Early Buddhist schools
Early Buddhist schools
Mahāsaṃghika
Ekavyahārikas (during Aśoka)
Lokottaravāda
Golulaka (during Aśoka)
Bahuśrutīya (late third century BCE)
Prajñaptivāda (late third century BCE)
Caitika (mid-first century BCE)
Apara Śaila
Uttara Śaila
Cetiyavāda
Sthaviravāda
Pudgalavāda ('Personalist') (c. 280 BCE)
Vatsīputrīya (during Aśoka) later name: Saṃmitīya
Dharmottarīya
Bhadrayānīya
Sannāgarika
Vibhajjavāda (prior to 240 BCE; during Aśoka)
Theravāda (c. 240 BCE)
Mahīśāsaka (after 232 BCE)
Dharmaguptaka (after 232 BCE)
Sarvāstivāda (c. 237 BCE)
Kāśyapīya (after 232 BCE)
Sautrāntika (between 50 BCE and c. 100 CE)
Mūlasarvāstivāda (3rd and 4th centuries)
Vaibhashika
Buddhist modernism
Buddhist modernism
Humanistic Buddhism
Sōka Gakkai
Vipassana movement
New Kadampa Tradition
Friends of the Western Buddhist Order
Fo Guang Shan
Buddhism worldwide
Buddhism by country
Percentage of formal/practicing Buddhists by the numbers of registered adherents (according to the least estimates).
Percentage of cultural/nominal adherents of combined Buddhism with its related religions (according to the highest estimates).
Buddhism by country
Buddhism in the East
Buddhism in South Asia
Tamil Buddhism
Buddhism in Central Asia
Buddhism in Southeast Asia
East Asian Buddhism
Buddhism in the Middle East
Buddhism in the West
Buddhism in the Americas
Buddhism in Central America
Buddhism in Australia
Buddhism in Europe
Buddhism in Africa
တမ်းပလိတ်:Africa in topicတမ်းပလိတ်:North America in topicတမ်းပလိတ်:South America in topicတမ်းပလိတ်:Asia in topicတမ်းပလိတ်:Buddhism in Europeတမ်းပလိတ်:Oceania in topic
Buddhist texts
ထေရဝါဒစာပေများ
Pali literature
A collection of the Pali canon.
Pāli Canon (Tipitaka)
Vinaya Pitaka — Basket of Discipline
Suttavibhanga
Patimokkha — Buddhist Monastic Code
Khandhaka
Mahāvagga
Cullavagga
Parivara
Sutta Pitaka — Basket of Discourses
Digha Nikaya — the Long Discourses
Brahmajala Sutta — Discourse on the Net of Perfect Wisdom
Samaññaphala Sutta — The Fruit of Contemplative Life Discourse
Kevatta Sutta
Mahaparinibbana Sutta — The Last Days of the Buddha
Mahasatipatthana Sutta — The Great Discourse on the Foundations of Mindfulness
Aggañña Sutta
Sigalovada Sutta
Majjhima Nikaya — the Middle-length Discourses
Sammaditthi Sutta — Discourse on Right View
Satipatthana Sutta — The Discourse on the Foundations of Mindfulness
Aggi-Vacchagotta Sutta
Anapanasati Sutta — Discourse on Mindfulness of Breathing
Samyutta Nikaya — the Connected Discourses
Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta — Setting Rolling the Wheel of Truth (Buddha's first discourse)
Anattalakkhana Sutta — The Nonself Characteristic (Buddha's second discourse)
Fire Sermon — Buddha's third discourse
Anguttara Nikaya — the Numerical Discourses
Dighajanu Sutta
Dona Sutta
Kalama Sutta
Upajjhatthana Sutta — Subjects for Contemplation
Khuddaka Nikaya — the Minor Collection
Khuddakapatha
Mangala Sutta
Ratana Sutta
Karaṇīya Mettā Sutta — The Hymn of Universal Love
Dhammapada — The Path of Truth
Udana — Inspired utterances
Itivuttaka
Suttanipata
Uraga Vagga
Rhinoceros Horn Sutra
Metta Sutta
Cula Vagga
Ratana Sutta
Mangala Sutta
Dhammika Sutta
Maha Vagga
Atthaka Vagga
Parayana Vagga
Vimanavatthu
Petavatthu
Theragatha — Verses of the Elder Monks
Therigatha — Verses of the Elder Nuns
Jataka tales — Buddha's former lives
Niddesa
Patisambhidamagga — Path of discrimination
Apadana
Buddhavamsa
Cariyapitaka
Nettipakarana
Petakopadesa
Milindapanha
Abhidhamma Pitaka — Basket of Ultimate Doctrine
Dhammasangani
Vibhanga
Dhatukatha
Puggalapannatti
Kathavatthu
Yamaka
Patthana
Anupitaka — non-canonical or extra-canonical Pāli literature
Paracanonical texts
Commentaries — commentaries on the Tipitaka
Subcommentaries — commentaries on the commentaries on the Tipitaka
Visuddhimagga — The Path of Purification, considered the most important Theravada text outside of the Tipitaka canon of scriptures
Vimuttimagga — The Path of Freedom, manual of meditation
Abhidhammattha Sangaha — A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma
မဟာယာနစာပေများ
The Tripitaka Koreana in storage at Haeinsa.
Mahayana sutras
Angulimaliya Sutra
Brahmajala Sutra
Innumerable Meanings Sutra
Lalitavistara Sutra
Lankavatara Sutra
Lotus Sutra
Perfection of Wisdom sutras (Prajñāpāramitā)
Diamond Sutra
Heart Sutra
Ten Stages Sutra
Vimalakirti-nirdesa Sutra
Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment
Platform Sutra
Amitabha Sutra
Avatamsaka Sutra
Contemplation Sutra
Infinite Life Sutra
Mahaparinirvana Sutra
Mahasamnipata Sutra
Sanghata Sutra
Shurangama Sutra
Sutra of Forty-Two Sections
Sutra of Golden Light
Sutra of The Great Vows of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva
Ullambana Sutra
Āgamas
Chinese Buddhist canon
Tripitaka Koreana
Vajrayana စာပေများ
Buddhist Tantras
Guhyasamāja Tantra
Mahavairocana Tantra
Vajrasekhara Sutra
Hevajra Tantra
Cakrasaṃvara Tantra
Guhyagarbha tantra
Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa
Shurangama Sutra
Mañjuśrīnāmasamgīti
Kalachakra Tantra
Nyingma Gyubum
Guhyagarbha tantra
Kulayarāja Tantra
Seventeen tantras of Dzogchen
Vima Nyingtik
Longchen Nyingthig
Tibetan Buddhist canon
Kangyur
Tengyur
Terma (hidden treasure) literature
Bardo Thodol
History of Buddhism
Timeline of Buddhism
Early Buddhism
Pre-sectarian Buddhism
Buddhist councils
First Buddhist council
Second Buddhist council
Third Buddhist council
Fourth Buddhist council
Fifth Buddhist council
Sixth Buddhist council
World Buddhist Forum, 2006
Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
History of Buddhism in India
Decline of Buddhism in India
Greco-Buddhism
Buddhism and the Roman world
Buddhist crisis
ဖိုင်:Dhamma Chart in English.gifCore Buddhist concepts and their relationshipsThe relationship between the major concepts in Buddhism
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါးများ - Dharma (Buddhism)နှင့်Glossary of Buddhism
Three Jewels (Tiratana • Triratna)
The triratna, a symbol of the Three Jewels
Three Jewels
Buddha — Gautama Buddha, the Blessed One, the Awakened One, the Teacher
Perfect in true knowledge and conduct (vijjā-caraṇa sampanno • vidyā-caraṇa-saṃpanna)
Sublime (sugato • sugata)
Knower of the worlds (lokavidū • loka-vid)
Incomparable leader of persons to be tamed (anuttaro purisa-damma-sārathi • puruṣa-damya-sārathi)
Teacher of devas and humans (satthā deva-manussānaṃ • śāsta deva-manuṣyāṇaṃ)
The Enlightened One (buddho)
The Blessed One (bhagavā • bhagavat)
Dhamma (Dharma) — the cosmic principle of truth, lawfulness, and virtue discovered, fathomed, and taught by the Buddha; the Buddha's teaching as an expression of that principle; the teaching that leads to enlightenment and liberation
Well expounded by the Blessed One (svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo • svākhyāta)
Directly visible (sandiṭṭhiko • sāṃdṛṣṭika)
Immediate (akāliko • akālika)
Inviting one to come and see (ehi-passiko • ehipaśyika)
Worthy of application (opanayiko • avapraṇayika)
To be personally experienced by the wise (paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi • pratyātmaṃ veditavyo vijñaiḥ)
Saṅgha (Saṃgha) — the spiritual community, which is twofold (1) the monastic Saṅgha, the order of monks and nuns; and (2) the noble Saṅgha, the spiritual community of noble disciples who have reached the stages of world-transcending realization
Practicing the good way (supaṭipanno bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho)
Practicing the straight way (ujupaṭipanno bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho)
Practicing the true way (ñāyapaṭipanno bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho)
Practicing the proper way (sāmīcipaṭipanno bhagavato sāvaka-saṅgho)
Worthy of gifts (āhuṇeyyo)
Worthy of hospitality (pāhuṇeyyo)
Worthy of offerings (dakkhiṇeyyo)
Worthy of reverential salutation (añjalikaraṇīyo)
The unsurpassed field of merit for the world (anuttaraṃ puññākkhettaṃ lokassā)
When this is, that is. From the arising of this comes the arising of that. When this isn't, that isn't. From the cessation of this comes the cessation of that.
Not knowing the way leading to the cessation of suffering
Volitional formations (saṅkhāra • saṃskāra)
Bodily formation
Verbal formation
Mental formation
Consciousness (viññāṇa • vijñāna)
Eye-consciousness
Ear-consciousness
Nose-consciousness
Tongue-consciousness
Body-consciousness
Mind-consciousness
Mind and body (nāmarūpa)
Mind (nāma)
Feeling (vedanā)
Perception (saññā • samjñā)
Volition (cetanā)
Contact (phassa)
Attention (manasikāra)
Body/materiality/form (rūpa)
Four Great Elements
Earth — solidity
Water — fluidity
Fire — heat
Wind — oscillation
Six sense bases (saḷāyatana • ṣaḍāyatana)
Eye-base
Ear-base
Nose-base
Tongue-base
Body-base
Mind-base
Contact (phassa • sparśa)
Eye-contact
Ear-contact
Nose-contact
Tongue-contact
Body-contact
Mind-contact
Feeling (vedanā)
Feeling born of eye-contact
Feeling born of ear-contact
Feeling born of nose-contact
Feeling born of tongue-contact
Feeling born of body-contact
Feeling born of mind-contact
Craving (taṇhā • tṛṣṇā)
Craving for forms
Craving for sounds
Craving for odors
Craving for flavors
Craving for tangibles
Craving for mind-objects
Clinging (upādāna)
Clinging to sensual pleasures (kāmupādāna)
Clinging to views (diṭṭhupādāna)
Clinging to rituals and observances (sīlabbatupādāna)
Clinging to a doctrine of self (attavādupādāna)
Being (bhava)
Sense-sphere being
Fine-material being
Immaterial being
Birth (jāti)
Old age and death (jarāmaraṇa)
Transcendental Dependent Origination
Describes the path out of suffering.
Suffering (dukkha • duḥkha)
Faith (saddhā • śraddhā)
Joy (pāmojja)
Rapture (pīti • prīti)
Tranquillity (passaddhi)
Happiness (sukha)
Concentration (samādhi)
Knowledge and vision of things as they really are (yathābhūta-ñāna-dassana)
Disenchantment with worldly life (nibbidā)
Dispassion (virāga)
Freedom (vimutti)
Knowledge of destruction of the taints (āsava-khaye-ñāna)
Karma (Kamma)
Karma in Buddhism
Definition — volitional action, considered particularly as a moral force capable of producing, for the agent, results that correspond to the ethical quality of the action; thus good karma produces happiness, and bad karma produces suffering
Immoral (akusala) kamma pertaining to the sense-sphere (kamavacara)
Moral (kusala) kamma pertaining to the sense-sphere (kamavacara)
Moral kamma pertaining to the form-sphere (rupavacara)
Moral kamma pertaining to the formless-sphere (arupavacara)
Niyama Dhammas
Utu Niyama — Physical Inorganic Order (seasonal changes and climate), the natural law pertaining to physical objects and changes in the natural environment, such as the weather; the way flowers bloom in the day and fold up at night; the way soil, water and nutrients help a tree to grow; and the way things disintegrate and decompose. This perspective emphasizes the changes brought about by heat or temperature
Bīja Niyama — Physical Organic Order (laws of heredity), the natural law pertaining to heredity, which is best described in the adage, “as the seed, so the fruit”
Citta Niyama — Order of Mind and Psychic Law (will of mind), the natural law pertaining to the workings of the mind, the process of cognition of sense objects and the mental reactions to them
Kamma Niyama — Order of Acts and Results (consequences of one's actions), the natural law pertaining to human behavior, the process of the generation of action and its results. In essence, this is summarized in the words, “good deeds bring good results, bad deeds bring bad results”
Dhamma Niyama — Order of the Norm (nature's tendency to produce a perfect type), the natural law governing the relationship and interdependence of all things: the way all things arise, exist and then cease. All conditions are subject to change, are in a state of affliction and are not self: this is the Norm
Softness/malleability of consciousness (cittamudutā)
Readiness/wieldiness of mental body (kāyakammaññatā)
Readiness/wieldiness of consciousness (cittakammaññatā)
Proficiency of mental body (kāyapāguññatā)
Proficiency of consciousness (cittapāguññatā)
Straightness/rectitude of mental body (kāyujukatā)
Straightness/rectitude of consciousness (cittujukatā)
Three Abstinences (virati):
Right speech (sammāvācā)
Right action (sammākammanta)
Right livelihood (sammā-ājīva)
Two Illimitables (appamañña):
Compassion (karuṇā)
Sympathetic joy (muditā)
One Faculty of wisdom (paññindriya):
Wisdom (paññā • prajñā)
Mahayana abhidharma
Five universal mental factors (sarvatraga) common to all:
Sparśa — contact, contacting awareness, sense impression, touch
Vedanā — feeling, sensation
Saṃjñā — perception
Cetanā — volition
Manasikara — attention
Five determining mental factors (viṣayaniyata):
Chanda — desire (to act), intention, interest
Adhimoksha — decision, interest, firm conviction
Smṛti — mindfulness
Prajñā — wisdom
Samādhi — concentration
Eleven virtuous (kuśala) mental factors
Sraddhā — faith
Hrī — self-respect, conscientiousness, sense of shame
Apatrāpya — decorum, regard for consequence
Alobha — non-attachment
Adveṣa — non-aggression, equanimity, lack of hatred
Amoha — non-bewilderment
Vīrya — diligence, effort
Praśrabdhi — pliancy
Apramāda — conscientiousness
Upekṣa — equanimity
Ahiṃsā — nonharmfulness
Six root mental defilements (mūlakleśa):
Raga — attachment
Pratigha — anger
Avidya — ignorance
Māna — pride, conceit
Vicikitsa — doubt
Dṛiṣṭi — wrong view
Twenty secondary defilement (upakleśa):
Krodha — rage, fury
Upanāha — resentment
Mrakśa — concealment, slyness-concealment
Pradāśa — spitefulness
Irshya — envy, jealousy
Mātsarya — stinginess, avarice, miserliness
Māyā — pretense, deceit
Śāṭhya — hypocrisy, dishonesty
Mada — self-infatuation, mental inflation, self-satisfaction
Vihiṃsā — malice, hostility, cruelty, intention to harm
Āhrīkya — lack of shame, lack of conscious, shamelessness
Anapatrāpya — lack of propriety, disregard, shamelessness
Styāna — lethargy, gloominess
Auddhatya — excitement, ebullience
Āśraddhya — lack of faith, lack of trust
Kausīdya — laziness, slothfulness
Pramāda — heedlessness, carelessness, unconcern
Muṣitasmṛtitā — forgetfulness
Asaṃprajanya — non-alertness, inattentiveness
Vikṣepa — distraction, desultoriness
Four changeable mental factors (aniyata):
Kaukṛitya — regret, worry,
Middha — sleep, drowsiness
Vitarka — conception, selectiveness, examination
Vicāra — discernment, discursiveness, analysis
Mind and Consciousness
Citta — Mind, mindset, or state of mind
Cetasika — Mental factors
Manas — Mind, general thinking faculty
Consciousness (viññāṇa)
Mindstream (citta-saṃtāna) — the moment-to-moment continuity of consciousness
Bhavanga — the most fundamental aspect of mind in Theravada
Luminous mind (pabhassara citta)
Consciousness-only (vijñapti-mātratā)
Eight Consciousnesses (aṣṭavijñāna)
Eye-consciousness — seeing apprehended by the visual sense organs
Ear-consciousness — hearing apprehended by the auditory sense organs
Nose-consciousness — smelling apprehended through the olfactory organs
Tongue-consciousness — tasting perceived through the gustatory organs
Ideation-consciousness — the aspect of mind known in Sanskrit as the "mind monkey"; the consciousness of ideation
Body-consciousness — tactile feeling apprehended through skin contact, touch
The manas consciousness — obscuration-consciousness — a consciousness which through apprehension, gathers the hindrances, the poisons, the karmic formations
Store-house consciousness (ālāyavijñāna) — the seed consciousness, the consciousness which is the basis of the other seven
Mental proliferation (papañca • prapañca) — the deluded conceptualization of the world through the use of ever-expanding language and concepts
Monkey mind — unsettled, restless mind
Obstacles to Enlightenment
Taints (āsava)
Sensual desire (kāmāsava)
Becoming (bhavāsava)
Wrong view (diṭṭhāsava)
Ignorance (avijjāsava)
Defilements (kilesa • kleśā)
Three defilements
Greed (lobha • rāga)
Hatred (aversion) (dosa • dvesha)
Delusion (moha)
Round of defilements (kilesa-vaṭṭa)
Ignorance (avijjā • avidyā)
Craving (taṇhā • tṛṣṇā)
Clinging (upādāna)
Four perversions of view, thought and perception (vipallasa)
Taking what is impermanent (anicca • anitya) to be permanent (nicca • nitya)
Taking what is suffering (dukkha • duḥkha) to be happiness (sukha)
Taking what is nonself (anattā • anātman) to be self (attā • ātman)
Taking what is not beautiful (asubha) to be beautiful (subha)
Five hindrances (pañca nīvaraṇā) — the main inner impediments to the development of concentration and insight
Sensual desire (kāmacchanda) — craving for pleasure to the senses
Ill-will (vyāpāda) — feelings of malice directed toward others
Sloth and torpor (thīna-middha) — half-hearted action with little or no energy
Restlessness and remorse (uddhacca-kukkucca) — the inability to calm the mind
Doubt (vicikicchā) — lack of conviction or trust
Latent tendencies (anusaya)
Sensual passion (kāma-rāga)
Resistance (patigha)
Views (diṭṭhi)
Doubt (vicikicchā)
Conceit (māna)
Craving for continued existence (bhavarāga)
Ignorance (avijjā • avidyā)
Ten Fetters (saṃyojana)
Identity view (sakkāyadiṭṭhi) — the view of a truly existent self either as identical with the five aggregates, or as existing in some relation to them
Eternity-belief (sassata-diṭṭhi)
Annihilation-belief (uccheda-diṭṭhi)
Doubt (vicikicchā) — doubt about the Buddha, the Dhamma, the Saṅgha, or the training
Wrong grasp of rules and observances (sīlabbata-parāmāsa) — the belief that mere external observances, particularly religious rituals and ascetic practices, can lead to liberation
Sensual lust (kāmacchando)
Ill will (vyāpādo)
Desire for existence in the form realm (rūparāgo)
Desire for existence in the formless realm (arūparāgo)
Conceit (māna)
Restlessness (uddhacca)
Ignorance (avijjā • avidyā)
Two Kinds of Happiness (Sukha)
Bodily pleasure (kayasukha)
Mental happiness (cittasukha)
Two Kinds of Bhava
Kamma Bhava — kammas caused by four Upadanas
Upapatti Bhava — rebirth bhava
Two Guardians of the World (Sukka lokapala)
Shame at doing evil (hiri)
Fear of the results of wrongdoing (ottappa)
Three Conceits
"I am better"
"I am equal"
"I am worse"
Three Standpoints
Gratification (assāda)
Danger (ādinava)
Escape (nissaraṇa)
Three Primary Aims
Welfare and happiness directly visible in this present life, attained by fulfilling one's moral commitments and social responsibilities (diṭṭha-dhamma-hitasukha)
Welfare and happiness pertaining to the next life, attained by engaging in meritorious deeds (samparāyika-hitasukha)
The ultimate good or supreme goal, Nibbāna, final release from the cycle of rebirths, attained by developing the Noble Eightfold Path (paramattha)
Three Divisions of the Dharma
Study (pariyatti)
Practice (paṭipatti)
Realization (pativedha)
Four Kinds of Nutriment
Physical food [either gross or subtle] (kabalinkaro)
Contact (phasso dutiyo)
Mental volition (manosancetana)
Consciousness (viññāṇa • vijñāna)
Four Kinds of Acquisitions (Upadhi)
The Five Aggregates (khandha • skandha)
Defilements (kilesa • kleśā)
Volitional formations (saṅkhāra • saṃskāra)
Sensual pleasures (kāmacchanda)
Eight Worldly Conditions
The "Eight Worldly Winds" referenced in discussions of Equanimity (upekkhā, upekṣhā)
Four Noble Truths (cattāri ariyasaccāni • catvāri āryasatyāni)
Suffering (dukkha • duḥkha)
Cause of suffering (samudaya)
Cessation of suffering (nirodha)
Path leading to the cessation of suffering (magga • marga)
Two truths doctrine
Conventional truth (sammutisacca • saṃvṛtisatya)
Ultimate truth (paramatthasacca • paramārthasatya)
Higher Knowledge (Abhiññā • Abhijñā)
Abhijñā
Six types of higher knowledges (chalabhiñña)
Supernormal powers (iddhi)
Multiplying the body into many and into one again
Appearing and vanishing at will
Passing through solid objects as if space
Ability to rise and sink in the ground as if in water
Walking on water as if land
Flying through the skies
Touching anything at any distance (even the moon or sun)
Traveling to other worlds (like the world of Brahma) with or without the body
Divine ear (dibba-sota), that is, clairaudience
Mind-penetrating knowledge (ceto-pariya-ñāṇa), that is, telepathy
Remembering one's former abodes (pubbe-nivāsanussati), that is, recalling one's own past lives
Divine eye (dibba-cakkhu), that is, knowing others' karmic destinations
Extinction of mental intoxicants (āsavakkhaya), upon which arahantship follows
Three knowledges (tevijja)
Remembering one's former abodes (pubbe-nivāsanussati)
Divine eye (dibba-cakkhu)
Extinction of mental intoxicants (āsavakkhaya)
Great fruits of the contemplative life (Maha-Phala)
Phala
Equanimity (upekkhā, upekṣhā)
Fearlessness (nibbhaya)
Freedom from unhappiness & suffering (asukhacaadukkha)
Meditative Absorption (samādhi)
Out-of-body experience (manomaya)
Clairaudience (dibba-sota)
Intuition and mental telepathy (ceto-pariya-ñána)
Recollection of past lives (patisandhi)
Clairvoyance (dibba-cakkhu)
The Ending of Mental Fermentations (samatha)
Concepts unique to Mahayana and Vajrayana
White A - Symbol Dzogchen
Bardo — Intermediate state
Shinay bardo — the Bardo of This Life
Milam bardo — the Bardo of Dream
Samten bardo — the Bardo of Meditation
Chikkhai bardo — the Bardo of Dying
Chönyid bardo — the Bardo of Dharmata
Sidpai bardo — the Bardo of Existence
Bodhicitta — the wish to attain Buddhahood
Bodhisattva — name given to anyone who has generated bodhicitta
Buddha-nature — immortal potency or element within the purest depths of the mind, present in all sentient beings, for awakening and becoming a Buddha
Dzogchen — the natural, primordial state or natural condition of every sentient being
Eternal Buddha
Lung (Tibetan Buddhism)
Pure land
Rainbow body — a body not made of flesh, but consists of pure light, an astral body
Svabhava — Intrinsic nature
Tathātā/Dharmatā — Thusness
Dharmadhatu — Realm of Truth
Four Dharmadhātu
Terma
Three Vajras
Three Roots
Lama
Iṣṭha-deva(tā) — Yidam
Dakini/Dharmapala
Trikaya
Nirmanakaya
Sambhogakaya
Dharmakāya
Upāya — Skillful means
Five Wisdoms
Other concepts
Emptiness (suññatā • śūnyatā)
Middle way (majjhimā paṭipadā • madhyamā-pratipad) — the Buddhist path of non-extremism
Avoiding the extreme of sensual indulgence (kāmesu kāma-sukha-allika)
Avoiding the extreme of self-mortification (atta-kilamatha)
Sentient beings (satta • sattva)
Buddhist devotion
Buddhists making offerings at Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep
Buddhist devotion
Taking refuge in the Triple Gem
Buddha
Dharma
Sangha
Worship (pūjā) — see also: Abhisheka
Offerings
Prostration (panipāta • namas-kara)
Chanting
Mantra
Om mani padme hum
Namo Amituofo
Nam Myōhō Renge Kyō
Buddho
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa — Homage to the Blessed One, the Worthy One, the Fully Self-enlightened One
Moral discipline and precepts (Sīla • Śīla)
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Śīla
Five Precepts (pañca-sīlāni • pañca-śīlāni)
Abstaining from taking life (pāṇātipātā veramaṇī)
Abstaining from taking what is not given (adinnādānā veramaṇī)
Abstaining from sexual misconduct (kāmesu micchācāra veramaṇī)
Abstaining from false speech (musāvāda veramaṇī)
Abstaining from drinks and drugs that cause heedlessness (surā-meraya-majja-pamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇī)
Eight Precepts (aṭṭhasīla)
Abstaining from taking life (both human and non-human)
Abstaining from taking what is not given (stealing)
Abstaining from all sexual activity
Abstaining from telling lies
Abstaining from using intoxicating drinks and drugs which lead to carelessness
Abstaining from eating at the wrong time (the right time is eating once, after sunrise, before noon)
Abstaining from singing, dancing, playing music, attending entertainment performances, wearing perfume, and using cosmetics and garlands (decorative accessories)
Abstaining from luxurious places for sitting or sleeping
Ten Precepts (dasasīla)
Abstaining from killing living things
Abstaining from stealing
Abstaining from un-chastity (sensuality, sexuality, lust)
Abstaining from lying
Abstaining from taking intoxicants
Abstaining from taking food at inappropriate times (after noon)
Abstaining from singing, dancing, playing music or attending entertainment programs (performances)
Abstaining from wearing perfume, cosmetics and garland (decorative accessories)
Abstaining from sitting on high chairs and sleeping on luxurious, soft beds
Abstaining from accepting money
Sixteen Precepts
Three Treasures
Taking refuge in the Buddha
Taking refuge in the Dharma
Taking refuge in the Sangha
Three Pure Precepts
Not Creating Evil
Practicing Good
Actualizing Good For Others
Ten Grave Precepts
Affirm life; Do not kill
Be giving; Do not steal
Honor the body; Do not misuse sexuality
Manifest truth; Do not lie
Proceed clearly; Do not cloud the mind
See the perfection; Do not speak of others errors and faults
Realize self and other as one; Do not elevate the self and blame others
Give generously; Do not be withholding
Actualize harmony; Do not be angry
Experience the intimacy of things; Do not defile the Three Treasures
Vinaya
Pātimokkha (Pratimoksha) — the code of monastic rules binding on members of the Buddhist monastic order
Parajika (defeats) — four rules entailing expulsion from the sangha for life
Sexual intercourse, that is, any voluntary sexual interaction between a bhikkhu and a living being, except for mouth-to-mouth intercourse which falls under the sanghadisesa
Stealing, that is, the robbery of anything worth more than 1/24 troy ounce of gold (as determined by local law.)
Intentionally bringing about the death of a human being, even if it is still an embryo — whether by killing the person, arranging for an assassin to kill the person, inciting the person to die, or describing the advantages of death
Deliberately lying to another person that one has attained a superior human state, such as claiming to be an arahant when one knows one is not, or claiming to have attained one of the jhanas when one knows one hasn't
Sanghadisesa — thirteen rules requiring an initial and subsequent meeting of the sangha (communal meetings)
Aniyata — two indefinite rules where a monk is accused of having committed an offence with a woman in a screened (enclosed) or private place by a lay person
Nissaggiya pacittiya — thirty rules entailing "confession with forfeiture"
Pacittiya — ninety-two rules entailing confession
Patidesaniya — four violations which must be verbally acknowledged
Sekhiyavatta — seventy-five rules of training, which are mainly about the deportment of a monk
Sāruppa — proper behavior
Bhojanapatisamyutta — food
Dhammadesanāpatisamyutta — teaching dhamma
Pakinnaka — miscellaneous
Adhikarana-samatha — seven rules for settlement of legal processes that concern monks only
Bodhisattva vows
Samaya — a set of vows or precepts given to initiates of an esoteric Vajrayana Buddhist order
Ascetic practices (dhutanga) — a group of thirteen austerities, or ascetic practices, most commonly observed by Forest Monastics of the Theravada Tradition of Buddhism
Three Resolutions
To abstain from all evil (sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ)
To cultivate the good (kusalassa upasampadā)
To purify one's mind (sacittapariyodapanaṃ)
Three Pillars of Dharma
Generosity (dāna)
Morality (sīla • śīla)
Meditation (bhāvanā)
Threefold Training (Sikkhā)
Threefold Training
The training in the higher moral discipline (adhisīla-sikkhā) — morality (sīla • śīla)
The training in the higher mind (adhicitta-sikkhā) — concentration (samādhi)
The training in the higher wisdom (adhipaññā-sikkhā) — wisdom (paññā • prajñā)
Five Qualities
Faith (saddhā • śraddhā)
Morality (sīla • śīla)
Learning (suta)
Generosity (cāga)
Wisdom (paññā • prajñā)
Five Powers of a Trainee
Faith (saddhā • śraddhā)
Conscience (hiri) — an innate sense of shame over moral transgression
Fear of wrong-doing (ottappa) — moral dread, fear of the results of wrongdoing
I am subject to ageing, I am not exempt from ageing
I am subject to illness, I am not exempt from illness
I am subject to death, I am not exempt from death
There will be change and separation from all that I hold dear and near to me
I am the owner of my actions, heir to my actions, I am born of my actions, I am related to my actions and I have my actions as refuge; whatever I do, good or evil, of that I will be the heir
Dharmachakra, symbol of the Noble Eightfold Path, the Buddha's teaching of the path to enlightenment
Right view (sammā-diṭṭhi • samyag-dṛṣṭi)
Mundane right view
Karma
Supramundane right view
Right view that accords with the Four Noble Truths (saccanulomika sammā-diṭṭhi)
Study
Contemplation
Meditation
Right view that penetrates the Four Noble Truths (saccapativedha sammā-diṭṭhi)
Right intention (sammā-saṅkappa • samyak-saṃkalpa)
The intention of renunciation (nekkhamma-sankappa)
The intention of non-ill will (abyapada-sankappa)
The intention of harmlessness (avihimsa-sankappa)
Moral discipline (Sīlakkhandha)
Right speech (sammā-vācā • samyag-vāc)
Abstaining from false speech (musāvāda veramaṇī)
Abstaining from slanderous speech (pisunaya vacaya veramaṇī)
Abstaining from harsh speech (pharusaya vacaya veramaṇī)
Abstaining from verbal abuse
Abstaining from insults
Abstaining from sarcasm
Abstaining from idle chatter (samphappalāpa veramaṇī)
Right action (sammā-kammanta • samyak-karmānta)
Abstaining from the taking of life (pāṇātipātā veramaṇī)
Abstaining from homicide
Abstaining from animal slaughter
Abstaining from hunting
Abstaining from fishing
Abstaining from killing insects
Abstaining from deliberately harming or torturing another being
Abstaining from taking what is not given (adinnādānā veramaṇī)
Abstaining from stealing
Abstaining from robbery
Abstaining from snatching
Abstaining from fraudulence
Abstaining from deceitfulness
Abstaining from sexual misconduct (kāmesu micchācāra veramaṇī)
Abstaining from adultery
Abstaining from sexual harassment
Abstaining from rape
Right livelihood (sammā-ājīva • samyag-ājīva)
Abstaining from dealing in weapons
Abstaining from dealing in living beings (including raising animals for slaughter as well as slave trade and prostitution)
Abstaining from dealing in meat production and butchery
Abstaining from dealing in poisons
Abstaining from dealing in intoxicants
Abstaining from deceit
Abstaining from treachery
Abstaining from soothsaying
Abstaining from trickery
Abstaining from usury
Concentration (Samādhikkhandha)
Right effort (sammā-vāyāma • samyag-vyāyāma)
The effort to prevent the arising of unarisen unwholesome states of mind (samvarappadhana)
Wise attention (yoniso manasikara)
Restraint of the sense faculties (indriya-samvara)
The effort to abandon unwholesome states of mind that have already arisen (pahanappadhana)
Overcoming the Five hindrances
The effort to generate wholesome states of mind that have not yet arisen (bhavanappadhana)
Seven Factors of Enlightenment (satta sambojjhaṅgā • sapta bodhyanga)
Mindfulness (sati)
Investigation of doctrine (dhamma vicaya)
Energy (viriya • vīrya)
Rapture (pīti)
Tranquillity (passaddhi)
Concentration (samādhi)
Equanimity (upekkha)
The effort to maintain and perfect wholesome states of mind already arisen (anurakkhanappadhana)
Right mindfulness (sammā-sati • samyak-smṛti)
Contemplation of the body (kāyanupassana)
Contemplation of feeling (vedanānupassana)
Contemplation of states of mind (cittanupassana)
Contemplation of phenomena (dhammānupassana)
Right concentration (sammā-samādhi • samyak-samādhi)
Four jhānas
First jhāna (pathamajjhana)
Second jhāna (dutiyajjhana)
Third jhāna (tatiyajjhana)
Fourth jhāna (catutthajjhana)
Acquired factors
Right knowledge (sammā-ñāṇa)
Right liberation (sammā-vimutti)
Buddhist meditation
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါးများ - Buddhist meditationနှင့်Bhavana
Theravada meditation practices
Tranquillity/Serenity/Calm (Samatha • Śamatha)
Samatha
A Buddhist monk meditating
Place of work (kammaṭṭhāna)
Ten Kasinas
Earth kasina (pathavikasinam)
Water kasina (apokasinam)
Fire kasina (tejokasinam)
Wind kasina (vayokasinam)
Brownish or deep purplish blue kasina (nilakasinam)
Yellow kasina (pitakasinam)
Red kasina (lohitakasinam)
White kasina (odatakasinam)
Light kasina (alokakasinam)
Open air-space, sky kasina (akasakasinam)
Ten reflections on repulsiveness (asubas)
A swollen or bloated corpse (uddhumatakam)
A corpse brownish black or purplish blue with decay (vinilakam)
A festering or suppurated corpse (vipubbakam)
A corpse splattered half or fissured from decay (vicchiddakam)
A corpse gnawed by animals such as wild dogs and foxes (vikkhayittakam)
A corpse scattered in parts, hands, legs, head and body being dispersed (vikkhitakam)
A corpse cut and thrown away in parts after killing (hatavikkhittakam)
A bleeding corpse, i.e. with red blood oozing out (lohitakam)
A corpse infested with and eaten by worms (puluvakam)
Remains of a corpse in a heap of bones, i.e. skeleton (atthikam)
Ten Recollections (anussati • anusmriti)
Buddhānussati (Buddhanusmrti) — Recollection of the Buddha — fixing the mind with attentiveness and reflecting repeatedly on the glorious virtues and attributes of Buddha
Dhammānussati (Dharmanusmrti) — Recollection of the Dhamma — reflecting with serious attentiveness repeatedly on the virtues and qualities of Buddha's teachings and his doctrine
Saṅghānussati (Sanghanusmrti) — Recollection of the Saṅgha — fixing the mind strongly and repeatedly upon the rare attributes and sanctity of the Sangha
Sīlānussati — Recollection of virtue — reflecting seriously and repeatedly on the purification of one's own morality or sīla
Cāgānussati — Recollection of generosity — reflecting repeatedly on the mind's purity in the noble act of one's own dāna, charitableness and liberality
Devatānussati — Recollection of deities — reflecting with serious and repeated attention on one's own complete possession of the qualities of absolute faith (saddhā), morality (sīla), learning (suta), liberality (cāga) and wisdom (paññā) just as the devas have, to enable one to be reborn in the world of devas
Maraṇānussati — Mindfulness of death — reflecting repeatedly on the inevitability of death
Kāyagatāsati — Mindfulness of the body — reflecting earnestly and repeatedly on the impurity of the body which is composed of the detestable 32 constituents such as hair, body hair, nails, teeth, skin, etc.
Ānāpānasati — Mindfulness of breathing — repeated reflection on the inhaled and exhaled breath
Upasamānussati — Recollection of peace — reflecting repeatedly with serious attentiveness on the supreme spiritual blissful state of Nirvana
Four Divine Abidings (brahmavihāra)
Loving-kindness (mettā • maitrī)
Compassion (karuṇā)
Sympathetic joy (muditā)
Equanimity (upekkhā • upekṣā)
Four formless jhānas (arūpajhāna)
Base of the infinity of space (ākāsānañcāyatana)
Base of the infinity of consciousness (viññāṇañcāyatana)
Base of nothingness (ākiñcaññāyatana)
Base of neither-perception-nor-nonperception (nevasaññānāsaññāyatana)
Perception of disgust of food (aharepatikulasanna)
Contemplation on the standstill of existence (vivattanupassana) overcomes being entangled in fetters
Sixteen Stages of Vipassanā Knowledge
Knowledge to distinguish mental and physical states (namarupa pariccheda ñāṇa)
Knowledge of the cause-and-effect relationship between mental and physical states (paccaya pariggaha ñāṇa)
Knowledge of mental and physical processes as impermanent, unsatisfactory and nonself (sammasana ñāṇa)
Knowledge of arising and passing away (udayabbaya ñāṇa)
Knowledge of the dissolution of formations (bhanga ñāṇa)
Knowledge of the fearful nature of mental and physical states (bhaya ñāṇa)
Knowledge of mental and physical states as unsatisfactory (adinava ñāṇa)
Knowledge of disenchantment (nibbida ñāṇa)
Knowledge of the desire to abandon the worldly state (muncitukamayata ñāṇa)
Knowledge which investigates the path to deliverance and instills a decision to practice further (patisankha ñāṇa)
Knowledge which regards mental and physical states with equanimity (sankharupekha ñāṇa)
Knowledge which conforms to the Four Noble Truths (anuloma ñāṇa)
Knowledge of deliverance from the worldly condition (gotrabhu ñāṇa)
Knowledge by which defilements are abandoned and are overcome by destruction (magga ñāṇa)
Knowledge which realizes the fruit of the path and has nibbana as object (phala ñāṇa)
Knowledge which reviews the defilements still remaining (paccavekkhana ñāṇa)
Zen meditation practices
Zazen
Concentration
Kōan — a story, dialogue, question, or statement in Zen, containing aspects that are inaccessible to rational understanding, yet may be accessible to intuition
Shikantaza — just sitting
Vajrayana meditation practices
Tonglen
Tantra
Anuttarayoga Tantra
Generation stage
Completion stage
Margaphala
Ngöndro — Four thoughts which turn the mind towards Dharma
The freedoms and advantages of precious human rebirth
Chöd — advanced spiritual practice and discipline arising from confluences of Bonpo, Mahasidda, Nyingmapa traditions and now practiced throughout the schools of Tibetan Buddhism
Merit
Paritta — Protection
Samvega and pasada
Simran
Enlightenment in Buddhism
General
Nirvana (Nibbāna • Nirvāṇa) — the final goal of the Buddha's teaching; the unconditioned state beyond the round of rebirths, to be attained by the destruction of the defilements; Full Enlightenment or Awakening, the cessation of suffering; saupādisesa-nibbāna-dhātu — Nibbāna with residue remaining
Parinirvana (Parinibbāna • Parinirvāṇa) — final passing away of an enlightened person, final Nibbāna, Nibbāna at death; anupādisesa-nibbāna-dhātu — Nibbāna without residue remaining
Bodhi — the awakening attained by the Buddha and his accomplished disciples, referring to insight into the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path
Types of Buddha
Sammāsambuddha (Samyak-saṃbuddha) — one who, by his own efforts, attains Nirvana, having rediscovered the Noble Eightfold Path after it has been lost to humanity, and makes this Path known to others
Paccekabuddha (Pratyekabuddha) — "a lone Buddha", a self-awakened Buddha, but one who lacks the ability to spread the Dhamma to others
Sāvakabuddha (Śrāvakabuddha) — enlightened 'disciple of a Buddha'. Usual being named Arhat
Theravada
Four stages of enlightenment (see also: Ariya-puggala — Noble Ones)
Sotāpanna — Stream-enterer (first stage of enlightenment) — one who has "opened the eye of the Dhamma", and is guaranteed enlightenment after no more than seven successive rebirths, having eradicated the first three fetters
The four factors leading to stream-entry
Association with superior persons
Hearing the true Dhamma
Careful attention
Practice in accordance with the Dhamma
The four factors of a stream-enterer
Possessing confirmed confidence in the Buddha
Possessing confirmed confidence in the Dhamma
Possessing confirmed confidence in the Sangha
Possessing moral virtues dear to the noble ones
Sakadagami — Once-returner (second stage of enlightenment) — will be reborn into the human world once more, before attaining enlightenment, having eradicated the first three fetters and attenuated greed, hatred, and delusion
Anāgāmi — Non-returner (third stage of enlightenment) — does not come back into human existence, or any lower world, after death, but is reborn in the "Pure Abodes", where he will attain Nirvāṇa, having eradicated the first five fetters
Arahant — "Worthy One", (see also: Arhat), a fully enlightened human being who has abandoned all ten fetters, and who upon decease (Parinibbāna) will not be reborn in any world, having wholly abandoned saṃsāra
Mahayana
Bodhisattva — one who has generated bodhicitta, the spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood
Bodhisattva Bhumis — stages of enlightenment through which a bodhisattva passes
Zen
Satori — a Japanese Buddhist term for "enlightenment", which translates as a flash of sudden awareness, or individual enlightenment
Kensho — "Seeing one's nature"
Buddhist monks on daily alms round.
Buddhist monasticism
Disciple 声闻弟子ShengWenDiZi (sāvaka • śrāvaka)
Male lay follower (忧婆塞 YouPoSai) (upāsaka) and Female lay follower (忧婆夷 YouPoYi) (upāsikā)
Householder 在家弟子ZaiJiaDiZi
Dhammacārī — lay devotees who have seriously committed themselves to Buddhist practice for several years
Anāgārika — lay attendant of a monk
近侍Jisha (Japan), JinShi (chinese) — personal attendant of a monastery's abbot or teacher in Chan/Zen Buddhism
Ngagpa — non-monastic male practitioners of such disciplines as Vajrayana, shamanism, Tibetan medicine, Tantra and Dzogchen
Thilashin — Burmese Buddhist female lay renunciant
Mae ji — Buddhist laywomen in Thailand occupying a position somewhere between that of an ordinary lay follower and an ordained monk
Lower ordination (pabbajja • pravrajya)
Novice monk (sāmaṇera • śrāmaṇera)
Novice nun (samaṇerī • śrāmaṇerī)
Higher ordination (upasampadā)
Monk (bhikkhu • bhikṣu)
Nun (bhikkhunī • bhikṣuṇī)
Titles for Buddhist teachers
General
Acariya (Ācārya) — teacher
Upajjhaya (Upādhyāya) — preceptor
Pandita — a learned master, scholar or professor in Buddhist philosophy
Bhante — VenerableSir
in Theravada
in Southeast Asia
Ayya — commonly used as a veneration in addressing or referring to an ordained Buddhist nun
Ajari — a Japanese term that is used in various schools of Buddhism in Japan, specifically Tendai and Shingon, in reference to a "senior monk who teaches students
和尚 Oshō — high-ranking or highly virtuous Buddhist monk; respectful designation for Buddhist monks in general
开山 Kaisan — founder of a school of Buddhism or the founding abbot of a Zen monastery
老师 Roshi — a Japanese honorific title used in Zen Buddhism that literally means "old teacher" or "elder master" and usually denotes the person who gives spiritual guidance to a Zen sangha
先生 Sensei — ordained teacher below the rank of roshi
Zen master — individual who teaches Zen Buddhism to others
in Korea
Sunim — Korean title for a Buddhist monk or Buddhist nun
in Tibetan Buddhism
Geshe — Tibetan Buddhist academic degree for monks
Guru
Khenpo — academic degree similar to that of a doctorate or Geshe. Khenpos often are made abbots of centers and monasteries
Khenchen — academic degree similar in depth to post doctorate work. Senior most scholars often manage many Khenpos
Lama — Tibetan teacher of the Dharma
Rinpoche — an honorific which literally means "precious one"
Tulku — an enlightened Tibetan Buddhist lama who has, through phowa and siddhi, consciously determined to take birth, often many times, in order to continue his or her Bodhisattva vow
List of Buddhists
Founder
Gautama Buddha — The Buddha, Siddhattha Gotama (Pali), Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit), Śākyamuni (Sage of the Sakya clan), The Awakened One, The Enlightened One, The Blessed One, Tathāgata (Thus Come One, Thus Gone One)
Buddha's disciples and early Buddhists
Chief Disciples
Sāriputta — Chief disciple, "General of the Dhamma", foremost in wisdom
Mahamoggallāna — Second chief disciple, foremost in psychic powers
Great Disciples
Monks
Ānanda — Buddha's cousin and personal attendant
Maha Kassapa — Convener of First Buddhist Council
Anuruddha — Half-cousin of the Buddha
Mahakaccana — Foremost in teaching
Nanda — Half-brother of the Buddha
Subhuti
Punna
Upali — Master of the Vinaya
Nuns
Mahapajapati Gotami — Eldest nun, half-mother of Buddha
Khema — First great female disciple in power
Uppalavanna — Second great female disciple
Patacara — Foremost exponent of the Vinaya, the rules of monastic discipline
Laymen
Anathapindika — Chief lay disciple, foremost disciple in generosity
Hatthaka of Alavi
Jivaka
Citta — the foremost householder for explaining the Teaching
Cunda
Laywomen
Khujjuttara
Velukandakiya
Visakha
Rohini
Sujata
First five disciples of the Buddha
Kondañña — the first Arahant
Assaji — converted Sāriputta and Mahamoggallāna
Bhaddiya
Vappa
Mahanama
Two seven-year-old Arahants
Samanera Sumana
Samanera Pandita
Other disciples
Channa — royal servant and head charioteer of Prince Siddhartha
Angulimala — mass murderer turned saint
Kisa Gotami
Later Indian Buddhists (after Buddha)
Buddhaghosa — 5th-century Indian Theravadin Buddhist commentator and scholar, author of the Visuddhimagga
Mahinda — son of Emperor Ashoka
Sanghamitta — daughter of Emperor Ashoka
Nagarjuna — founder of the Madhyamaka school
Aryadeva — disciple of Nagarjuna
Asanga — exponent of the yogācāra school
Vasubandhu
Buddhapālita — commentator on the works of Nagarjuna and Aryadeva
Candrakīrti
Dharmakirti
Atisha
Indo-Greek Buddhists
Dharmaraksita
Nagasena
Chinese Buddhists
Bodhidharma
Dajian Huineng
Ingen
Tibetan Buddhists
The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, a renowned Tibetan lama.
BodhisattvaB. R. Ambedkar - Father of modern India, Polymath, Revivalist of Buddhism
Buddhist philosophy
Golden statue of Nagarjuna at Samye Ling Monastery.
Abhidharma (Abhidhamma)
Buddhist anarchism
Buddhist atomism
Buddhism and the body
Buddhology
Engaged Buddhism
Buddhist economics
Buddhist eschatology
Buddhist ethics
Buddhism and abortion
Buddhism and euthanasia
Buddhism and sexuality
Buddhist views on masturbation
LGBT topics and Buddhism
Buddhism and evolution
Four imponderables
Fourteen unanswerable questions
Questions referring to the world: concerning the existence of the world in time
Is the world eternal?
or not?
or both?
or neither?
Questions referring to the world: concerning the existence of the world in space
Is the world finite?
or not?
or both?
or neither?
Questions referring to personal experience
Is the self identical with the body?
or is it different from the body?
Questions referring to life after death
Does the Tathagata exist after death?
or not?
or both?
or neither?
God in Buddhism
Humanistic Buddhism
Buddhist logic
Buddhist mythology
Reality in Buddhism
Buddhist socialism
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါးများ - Buddhist culture and artနှင့်Cultural elements of Buddhism
Vesak celebration in Singapore.Imitation currency burned for ancestors, during the Ghost FestivalMala, Buddhist prayer beads.
Alms
Ango — three-month-long period of intense training for students of Zen Buddhism
Buddhist architecture
Vihara — Buddhist monastery
Wat — monastery temple in Cambodia, Thailand, Lanna or Laos
Thai temple art and architecture
Stupa — mound-like structure containing Buddhist relics
Pagoda — tiered tower with multiple eaves common in China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and other parts of Asia
Zendo — meditation hall in Zen Buddhism
Butsudan — shrine
Buddhist art
Greco-Buddhist art
Standing Buddha
Buddhist poetry
Buddhist music
Buddha statue
Colossal Buddha statues
Tian Tan Buddha
Kamakura Great Buddha
Grand Buddha at Ling Shan
Leshan Giant Buddha
Gifu Great Buddha
Great Buddha
Buddhist calendar
Buddhist clothes
Tricivara — Monastic robe
Antaravasaka — Lower robe
Uttarasanga — Upper robe
Sangati — Outer robe
Buddhist cuisine
Buddhist vegetarianism
Dharani
Drubchen — traditional form of meditation retreat in Tibetan Buddhism
Funeral (Buddhism)
Buddhist holidays
Vesak — birth, enlightenment (Nirvana), and passing away (Parinirvana) of Gautama Buddha
Asalha Puja
Magha Puja
Uposatha — the Buddhist observance days, falling on the days of the full moon and new moon, when the monks gather to recite the Pātimokkha and lay people often visit monasteries and temples to undertake the eight precepts
Kathina — festival which comes at the end of Vassa
Kaicho
Kīla — three-sided peg, stake, knife, or nail like ritual implement traditionally associated with Indo-Tibetan Buddhism
Mandala — concentric diagram having spiritual and ritual significance
Sand mandala
Buddhist prayer beads — Mala
Mantra
Om mani padme hum
Namo Amituofo
Nam Myōhō Renge Kyō
Om tare tuttare ture svaha
Buddho
Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa
Buddhist view of marriage
Mudra — Symbolic or ritual gesture
Añjali Mudrā — greeting gesture which consists of putting the palms together in front of the chest
Buddhist music
Prayer wheel
Sarira — Buddhist relics
Sesshin — period of intensive meditation (zazen) in a Zenmonastery
Buddhist symbolism
Dharmacakra — Wheel of Dhamma
Bhavacakra — Wheel of Becoming
Buddhist flag
Ensō — Symbol in Zen symbolizing enlightenment, strength, elegance, the Universe, and the void
Thangka
Tree of physiology
Ashtamangala
Vajra — short metal weapon that has the symbolic nature of a diamond
Vassa — Rains retreat
Buddhist pilgrimage
Mahabodhi Temple in India, a common site of pilgrimage.
The Four Main Sites
Lumbini — Buddha's birthplace
Maya Devi Temple
Bodh Gaya — Buddha's place of Enlightenment
Mahabodhi Temple
Bodhi Tree
Sarnath — Place of Buddha's first discourse
Kushinagar — Place of Buddha's final passing away
Four Additional Sites
Sravasti
Rajgir
Sankassa
Vaishali
Other Sites
Patna
Gaya
Kosambi
Mathura
Kapilavastu
Devadaha
Kesariya
Pava
Nalanda
Varanasi
Later Sites
Sanchi
Ratnagiri
Ellora
Ajantha
Bharhut
From a 12th-century Greek manuscript: Saint Josaphat preaches the Gospel.
Buddhism and science
Buddhism and psychology
Buddhism and Theosophy
Buddhism and other religions
Buddhism and Eastern religions
Buddhism and Hinduism
Buddhism and Jainism
Buddhism and Christianity
Buddhist-Christian Studies
Parallels between Buddha and Jesus
Buddhism and Gnosticism
Gautama Buddha in world religions
အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Index of Buddhism-related articles
Bodhisatta — a future Buddha, one destined to attain unsurpassed perfect enlightenment; specifically, it is the term the Buddha uses to refer to himself in the period prior to his enlightenment, both in past lives and in his last life before he attained enlightenment
Bodhisattva
Akasagarbha
Avalokiteśvara (Guan Yin)
Guan Yu
Ksitigarbha
Mahasthamaprapta
Metteyya/Maitreya — Future Buddha, successor of Gautama Buddha
Manjusri — the bodhisattva associated with wisdom, doctrine and awareness
Nio
Samantabhadra
Shantideva
Sitatapatra
Skanda
Supushpachandra
Suryaprabha
Tara
Vajrapani
Vasudhara
Borobudur — ninth-century Mahayana Buddhist Monument in Magelang, Indonesia
Brahmā — according to the brahmins, the supreme personal deity, but in the Buddha's teaching, a powerful deity who rules over a high divine state of existence called the brahma world; more generally, the word denotes the class of superior devas inhabiting the form realm
Brahmacharya — the Holy Life
Budai or Hotei — the obese Laughing Buddha, usually seen in China
Buddhas
Gautama Buddha
Dipankara Buddha
Kakusandha Buddha
Kassapa Buddha
Koṇāgamana Buddha
Padumuttara Buddha
Adi-Buddha
Amitābha — the principal Buddha in the Pure Land sect
Medicine Buddha
Buddhas of Bamyan
Buddhavacana — the Word of the Buddha
Buddhist calendar
Buddhist Initiation Ritual — a public ordination ceremony wherein a lay student of Zen Buddhism receives certain Buddhist precepts, "a rite in which they publicly avow allegiance to 'The Three Refuges' of Buddhist practice: The Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha
Buddhist Publication Society — a charity whose goal is to explain and spread the doctrine of the Buddha
Buddhist studies
Cambridge Buddhist Association
Chakravartin — Wheel-turning Monarch
Critical Buddhism
Dalit Buddhist movement
Deva — a deity or god; the beings inhabiting the heavenly worlds, usually in the sense-sphere realm but more broadly in all three realms
This Dhamma is for one who wants little, not for one who wants much.
This Dhamma is for the contented, not for the discontented.
This Dhamma is for the secluded, not for one fond of society.
This Dhamma is for the energetic, not for the lazy.
This Dhamma is for the mindful, not for the unmindful.
This Dhamma is for the composed, not for the uncomposed.
This Dhamma is for the wise, not for the unwise.
This Dhamma is for one who is free from impediments, not for one who delights in impediments
Empowerment
European Buddhist Union
Five Dhyani Buddhas
Vairocana
Akshobhya
Amitābha
Ratnasambhava
Amoghasiddhi
Five Pure Lights
Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition
Friends of the Western Buddhist Order
Gandhabba
Gandhāran Buddhist Texts
Glossary of Japanese Buddhism
Hinayana — "Inferior vehicle", often interpreted as a pejorative term used in Mahayana doctrine to refer to the early Buddhist schools
Icchantika
Inka
International Buddhist College
Jambudvipa — lit., "rose-apple island," the Indian subcontinent
Jetavana
Kalachakra
Kalpa (aeon) — an aeon or cosmic cycle, the period of time it takes for a world system to arise, evolve, dissolve, and persist in a state of disintegration before a new cycle begins
Kanthaka — Prince Siddhartha's favourite white horse
Kegon
King Ajatasattu
King Bimbisara
King Milinda
King Pasenadi
Kosala
Kwan Um School of Zen
Laughing Buddha
Life release - Practice of saving the lives of beings destined for slaughter
Lineage
Liturgical languages
in Theravada
Pāḷi
in Mahayana
Sanskrit
Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
Luang Prabang
Mahasati meditation
Mahavamsa
Māra — "The Evil One" or "Tempter"; a malevolent deity who tries to prevent people from practicing the Dhamma and thereby escaping the round of rebirths
Klesa-māra, or Māra as the embodiment of all unskillful emotions
Mrtyu-māra, or Māra as death, in the sense of the ceaseless round of birth and death
Skandha-māra, or Māra as metaphor for the entirety of conditioned existence
Devaputra-māra, or Māra the son of a deva (god), that is, Māra as an objectively existent being rather than as a metaphor
"The Mahayana, 'Great Vehicle' or 'Great Carriage' (for carrying all beings to nirvana), is also, and perhaps more correctly and accurately, known as the Bodhisattvayana, the bodhisattva's vehicle." - Warder, A.K. (3rd edn. 1999). Indian Buddhism: p.338
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